Grace Theological Journal 2.1 (1981) 75-114.

[Copyright © 1981 Grace Theological Seminary; cited with permission;

digitally prepared for use at Gordon College and biblicalelearning.org]

 

 

                FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS:

                   WHAT DO THEY MEAN?

 

                                                 JAMES L. BOYER

 

 

            This inductive study of the approximately 300 NT instances of

the first class condition (εἰ + indicative) disputes the common under-

standing that this construction should be interpreted as obviously

true and translated as "since." It is found that this is the case only

37% of the time. Surprisingly, in 51% of the occurrences the condition

is undetermined. Four proposed explanations of this construction are

examined and found to be inadequate. It is then argued that the correct

explanation of the first class condition is a simple logical connection

between protasis and apodosis.

                                                *    *    *

 

THE meaning of words is properly determined by a study of the ways

they are used in their many contexts, not by theoretical rationaliza-

tions on root meanings and etymologies. In just the same way the

significance of a group of words in grammatical construction is

determined by careful study of the same construction in actually

occurring contexts, not by rationalizing about voice, mood, and the

technical terminology employed by grammarians to identify them.

            A commonly occurring example of the neglect of this axiom is

the manner in which the construction frequently called "First Class

Condition" is handled in much exegetical literature. Reasoning from

the use of εἰ instead of ἐάν and the use of the indicative mood, the

mood of reality and actuality, the conclusion is drawn that the first

class conditional sentence is not really a condition at all, but it

implies that the condition is actually true and could well be translated

"since."^l Is this true?

            To gather the information for this kind of biblical study, it was

necessary to locate all examples of this grammatical construction

 

            ¹ Nigel Turner, A Grammar of New Testament Greek. Vol. 3: Syntax (Edinburgh:

T. & T. Clark, 1963) 115. F. Blass, and A. Debrunner, A Greek Grammar of the New

Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, trans. and rev. by Robert Funk

(Chicago: University of Chicago, 1961) 188-90.

 

76                    GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

 

occurring in the NT. By using the GRAMCORD tool,² a print-out was

produced of all places where the conjunction ei] is followed by an

indicative verb. Next, the list was edited manually to remove non-

applicable situations³ and to supplement the list by inserting those

first class conditions not caught by the program.⁴ The result was a list

of about 300 instances⁵ in the NT where first class conditions occur.

The procedure in case of uncertain instances was to include both,

noting, of course, the problem.

Having in this list the materials for study, a detailed analysis was

made of all kinds of information about the construction, such as

sentence connectives used, the negative particle (where it occurred),

the tense and mood of the verb(s) in both the protasis and apodosis,

the "time reference" involved, the form of the apodosis (admonition,

promise, rhetorical question, declarative statement, etc.). Since many

of these are not closely involved in the interpretive problem under

consideration in this article, they will not be tabulated here.

The consideration primarily involved in this study is the "relation

to reality" expressed in the εἰ-plus-indicative protasis. This was

carefully appraised, listed, and tabulated, with the following results:

 

            1. Instances where the condition was obviously true.     115      37%

II. Instances where the condition was obviously false.   36        12%

III. Instances where the condition was undetermined:    155      51% ,

1. Uncertain by reason of futurity.                         5          2%

2. Uncertain by reason of providence, "the course

     of events.                                                              24        8%

3. Uncertain by reason of man's spiritual

     condition.                                                             38        12%

4. Uncertain by reason of man's actions or

     choices.                                                                72        24%

5. Uncertain by reason of man's ignorance or

     doubt.                                                                    16        5%

The implications of this information are the materials for the rest of

the discusslon.

 

² For information, see my article "Project Gramcord: A Report," GTJ 1(1980) 97-99,

³ Ei] + indicative, of course, also includes all second class conditions (contrary to

fact) and a few examples where εἰ μή = "except," These I propose to deal with in a later

article.

⁴ For example, cases where the verb of the protasis was left to be understood in the

text but easily supplied from the context,

⁵ The number is not definite, since some are mixed (part first class and part second

class); some are incomplete (where the protasis or apodosis is left unexpressed); and

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     77

 

PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS: TRUE TO FACT

It seems obvious why "relation to reality" is the crucial consider-

ation, and it quickly appears that this term is understood very

differently by different scholars. If it is understood to apply to the

actual truth of the condition--its correspondence to the real world

"out there"--then the three general categories (I, II, III) are sufficient

to settle the controversy immediately and completely, Such an under-

standing is impossible. If the first class condition states or implies the

actual truth, then it could not possibly be used by Christ to say, "If [or

according to this view, since] I by Beelzebub cast out demons. . .

(Matt 12:27), nor "Since I do not do the deeds of my father. . . "(John

10:37), nor "Since I have spoken evil. . ." (John 18:23).  Paul could not

have written "Since there is no resurrection. . ." (1 Cor 15:13), nor

"Since Christ is not raised. . ." (1 Cor 15:14).  These are not isolated,

peculiar examples; they represent 12% of all the first class conditions in

the NT. It is simply not true that first conditions indicate the external

objective truth or reality of the condition. "Since," of course, could be

used in those cases where the condition happens to be true without

making the statement untrue, but even there it would be a mistransla-

tion, since it alters what the authors actually said. Greeks had a word

for "since" (at least two of them) but they deliberately chose "if." We

must assume they knew what they were doing.

The most surprising lesson from this study is the size and

importance of the third category in the tabulation, Here are one-half

of all the examples, dealing with possibilities rather than realities, and

the questions are not "true or false," but "probable or doubtful."

After long study, it seemed best to clarify the many "relations to

reality" involved by listing them under the heading, "Non-determined

by reason of" five circumstances listed above in the tabulation. To

illustrate, note some examples,

Matt 5:29, 30: "If your eye (or hand) offend, . . ." Is that a truth

or a fact? It is clear that the reality of the condition depends on how

one has been using the eyes (or hands).

Matt 17:4: Peter said "If you wish, I will build three taber-

nacles. . . ." Did Christ so wish? Did Peter assume that he did? No;

Peter perhaps thought that he did and volunteered. The condition

was dependent on Peter's choice or desire, not on "relation to

reality."

Matt 26:39, 42: Jesus prayed in Gethsemane "If it is possible. . ."

and a bit later "If it is not possible. . . ." It does not matter too much

 

some are uncertain (where the verb is left unexpressed). It should be noted that in no

case was uncertainty brought about by variant readings of the text.

78                    GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

how we understand the content of that prayer. In any case, Christ

prayed for something, conditioning it on its possibility. Here appar-

ently the possibility depended on the providence of God, the course

of events he had determined. Of course, these two conditions cannot

possibly in any sense both be true; they are opposites.⁶

Acts 5:39: Gamaliel says, "If this is of God, you will not be able

to stop them." It is clear that Gamaliel was not stating that they were

from God, nor that he thought or assumed that they were from God.

He simply didn't know. I have labeled it "Uncertain by reason of

ignorance or doubt."

Rom 8:9: Paul says, "You are no longer in flesh if the Spirit of

God is in you. . . if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ. . . he

is not of him." Paul is not implying by his use of the first class

condition that they were, or were not, in Christ (the same construc-

tion is used for both). He is saying that whether or not a person is in

Christ is determined by his spiritual condition--his possession of the

Spirit. Precisely the same reasoning may be applied to 1 Cor 3:14, 15,

7: 12-15, 9:17, etc.

2 Cor 1:6: "If we are being pressured. . . if we are being com-

forted. . . ." In this sentence it is probably true that they were actually

being tested and were receiving God's encouragement; we know it

from the rest of the book. But it would be incorrect to say that this is

indicated by the fact that it is a first class condition.

 

     PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS: ASSUMED TRUE

 

Since actuality or truth is obviously not the significance of first

class conditions, another approach is needed. It is possible that the

reality or actuality indicated by the indicative is the reality of

statement, or the attitude of the speaker toward the condition stated;

he states it ''as true"; he assumes its truth for the sake of argument.

This has been a common expedient on the part of those who

recognized the problem dealt with in the preceding paragraphs, but

still want to see something "real" about these indicative verbs.⁷ And

such an approach is acceptable if certain safeguards are clearly

 

⁶ There are nineteen such pairs of first class conditional statements in the New

Testament; twelve, as here, expressing optional alternatives, and seven indicating oppo-

sites, either true or false.

⁷ G. B. Winer, A Treatise on the Grammar of the New Testament Greek (Edin-

burgh: T. & T. Clark, 1870) 364; S. G. Green, A Handbook of the Grammar of the

Greek Testament (New York: Revell, n.d.) 317; A. T. Robertson, A Grammar of the

Greek New Testament in the light of Historical Research (Nashville: Broadman, 1934)

1007-12; Dana and Mantey, A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament (New

York: MacMillan) 287-89; W. D. Chamberlain, An Exegetical Grammar of the Greek

New Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1941) 195.

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     79

 

understood. For example, Paul did not actually assume the truth of

the statement, "If righteousness is through the law. . ." (Gal 2:20).

But this way of saying it may be acceptable if we understand it to

mean that Paul reasoned something like this: "Suppose for a moment

that righteousness is through the law, then consider the implications

of such, if it were true; for then Christ's death was wasted; he didn't

need to die." However, this is not the way such a statement is

commonly understood or used by exegetes.

And while this manner of rationalizing, with careful safeguards,

may sometimes make plausible sense, it seems to be possible only in

contexts which suggest the idea of debate or argument. Where such is

not the case this rationalization becomes meaningless or even worse.

For example, Paul's words in 1 Cor 15 may easily be understood as

"assuming for the sake of argument that there is no resurrection,

then. . . ." But can we use it in Christ's Gethsemane prayer ("assuming

for the sake of argument that it is possible for this cup to pass. . .")?

With whom was he arguing? It would seem more reasonable to admit

that such a rationalization is not the explanation of the meaning of

the first class condition.

 

PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS: DETERMINED AS FULFILLED

Apparently it was the influence of A. T. Robertson's monumental

Grammar⁸ which popularized a terminology that has given rise to the

current confusion. He speaks of these conditions under the heading:

"Determined as Fulfilled." The term "determined" refers to the use of

the indicative mood, and ''as fulfilled" distinguishes this from the

second class, which also was "determined" (used the indicative) but

determined as not fulfilled (i.e. contrary to fact). Robertson supports

this terminology and concept very strongly in his theoretical explana-

tion of its meaning, but insists that this "has to do only with the

statement, not the absolute truth or certainty of the matter. . . . We

must distinguish always therefore between the fact and the statement

of the fact.”⁹ Robertson himself shows that he understood well what

he meant and chooses his examples chiefly from among places where

the fact and the statement of the fact were at variance, as a warning

against misapplying his concept. But it has not saved many of his

followers from making the precise mistake he warned against.

And there is good evidence that even Robertson failed at times

to heed his warning. In a spot-check of his Word Pictures¹⁰ on some

 

⁸ See note 7 for bibliographical information.

⁹ Ibid., p. 1006.

¹⁰ A. T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament, 6 vols. (Nashville:

Broadman, 1930).

80                    GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

passages where these first class conditions occur, his comments are

not always clear. In many instances where the condition was in fact

not true, he makes no mention that a first class condition is involved.¹¹

In most instances his comment is, "assumed as true." What he means

by that seems not always to be consistent. He frequently uses it of

some statement which is obviously not "reality," considering it as-

sumed for the sake of argument only.¹² But there are times when he

seems to mean more than that. For example, in dealing with the

Gethsemane prayer of Christ (Matt 26:42) he says, "'Except I drink

it. . . .' Condition of the third class undetermined, but with likelihood

of determination, whereas 'if this cannot pass away' . . . is first class

condition, determined as fulfilled, assumed to be true. This delicate

distinction accurately presents the real attitude of Jesus towards this

subtle temptation.”¹³ It is noteworthy that he does not recognize v 39,

"if it is possible," the exact opposite, as also first class, also pre-

sumably part of the delicate distinction which accurately presents the

real attitude of Jesus. Another example is Acts 5:39. “The second

alternative is a condition of the first class, determined as fulfilled. . . .

By the use of this idiom Gamaliel does put the case more strongly in

favor of the apostles than against them. This condition assumes that

the thing is so without affirming it to be true.”¹⁴ Again, in 1 Cor 15:2,

"Paul assumes that they are holding it fast."¹⁵ In such statements most

readers would understand that he is using the term to imply

factuality, not merely a conceivably logical premise to an argument.

Again on Col 3:1, he says, "The preceding argument in 2:20 to 2:23,

rests on the assumption that the Colossians had 'died with Christ

from the elements of the world.' He assumed that to be true by the

very form of the condition, 'if you died' (as you did).”¹⁶ This last

sentence can hardly be understood any other way than expressing

Robertson's careless slipping into the error he in theory warns against

elsewhere.

 

¹¹ E.g., Matt 5:29-30, 17:4,26:39; Rom 8:9; note particularly I Cor 15:12-19, where

of seven occurrences of this construction, only one is identified as such.

¹² Cf. his treatment of John 10:37-38; on v 37, "Condition of first class, assumed as

true"; on v 38, "Condition again of the first class, assumed as true, but with opposite

results." Also, on John 18:23, "Condition of the first class (assumed to be true). . . .

Jesus had not spoken evilly toward Annas. . . . For the sake of argument, Jesus puts it

as if he did speak evilly. Then prove it, that is all" (Vol. 5, pp. 190, 289).

¹³ Ibid., I. 213.

¹⁴ Ibid., 3. 69.

¹⁵ Ibid., 4. 186.

¹⁶ A. T. Robertson, Paul and the Intellectuals (Nashville: Sunday School Board,

1928) 143

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     81

 

PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS: IMPLIES TRUTH OR FACTUALITY

These last examples from Robertson illustrate well the manner in

which this question is dealt with by some more careful writers

today.¹⁷ They understand the obvious fact that first class does not

mean "true to fact" condition, but they seek to keep part of that

misconception by holding that it indicates, implies, it is more strongly

in favor of the particular supposition so stated. But, to be consistent,

if the ei] + indicative style of condition points out probability in any

instance, it must in every instance, else such a conclusion is not an

implication of the construction, but of some other element, such as

context.

 

CORRECT EXPLANATION: LOGICAL CONNECTION

What then does this examination of the first class conditions

indicate as the correct significance of this construction?

It seems better to drop entirely such references to reality (or

actuality, or assumption, or implication of reality) and return to a

"working" rather than "theoretical" definition of the first class condi-

tion. The classical grammarians along with the older NT scholars had

the right idea. This form of the conditional sentence was called the

"Simple Condition." The essence of this approach may be seen from a

few quotations.¹⁸

When the protasis simply states a particular supposition, implying

nothing as to the fulfillment of the condition, it has the indicative

with ei].¹⁹

 

¹⁷ Cf. Nigel Turner, Grammatical Insights Into the New Testament (Edinburgh:

T. & T. Clark, 1965) 52. Discussing the mixed condition in Luke 17:5, he says, "A

grammarian would complain that the present indicative in the protasis in place of the

correct imperfect had changed the clause from an unreal to a real condition. It means

that the supposition introduced by 'if' is no longer a vague one but is a real situation. It

means that Jesus was not saying, 'If you had faith' (implying that they had not), but 'If

you have faith' (leaving the matter open, but implying that they have)." He explains the

ungrammatical words as "a subtle politeness." But note what his last statement

indicates regarding his attitude toward the significance of a first class condition:

"leaving the matter open, but implying that they have."

¹⁸ Beside these representative quotes, others taking this basic approach are: H. P. V.

Nunn, A Short Syntax of New Testament Greek (Cambridge: Cambridge University,

1951) 117. James Hope Moulton, An Introduction to the Study of New Testament Greek

(New York: MacMillan, 1955) 135.

¹⁹ W. W. Goodwin, Greek Grammar, rev. C. B. Gulick (Boston: Ginn, 1930) 294.

82                    GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

Simple present and past conditional sentences are sometimes called

'neutral,' because nothing is implied with regard to the truth of either

condition or conclusion.²⁰

 

This form merely sets forth the nexus between the conclusion and the

condition; it sets forth the conclusion as real, if the condition is

real--but implies nothing as to the latter.²¹

 

The protasis simply states a supposition which refers to a particular

case in the present or past, implying nothing as to its fulfillment. . . .

Conditional clauses of the first class are frequently used when the

condition is fulfilled, and the use of the hypothetical form suggests no

doubt of the fact. This fact of fulfillment lies, however, not in the

conditional sentence, but in the context.²²

 

If a more descriptive title for this class of construction than

"Simple Condition" is desirable, "The Condition of Logical Connec-

tion" may be useful. This form of conditional sentence affirms a

logical connection between the condition proposed in the protasis and

the conclusion declared in the apodosis. Sometimes this connection is

that of cause and effect, but not always. "If there is a natural body

there is also a spiritual one" (1 Cor 15:32) does not mean that the

natural body causes or produces the spiritual one. It affirms a logical

connection, a concurrence of the two; they "go together." If the

protasis is true, it is logical that the apodosis is true.

In summary, what does a first class conditional sentence in NT

Greek mean? It means precisely the same as the simple condition in

English, "If this. . . then that. . . ." It implies absolutely nothing as to

"relation to reality." It is saying that the result (the apodosis) is as

sure as the condition (the protasis). It is a forceful device of language

which leaves the judgment and convictions of the hearer with regard

to the truthfulness of the supposition to prove or disprove and to

enforce the truth of the conclusion. These statements can be made of

everyone of the 300 NT examples and are equally true of everyone

of them. It is the verdict of a usage study of this grammatical

construction.

 

²⁰ H. W. Smyth, A Greek Grammar (New York: American Book Co., 1916) 341. The

statement quoted follows a statement almost identical to that made by Goodwin.

²¹ Adolph Kaegi, A Short Grammar of Classical Greek (St. Louis: B. Herder,

1914) 144.

²² Ernest De Witt Burton, Syntax of Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek

(Chicago: University of Chicago, 1897) 102.

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     83

 

APPENDIX

 

CORPUS OF FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS IN THE NT

 

Reference                                          Text                                                     Category

1. Matt 4:3     εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται                 I.

           If you are God's son, tell these stones to become

                       bread.

2. Matt 4:6     εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ,* βάλε σεαυτὸν ⸆ κάτω                                         I

           If you are God's son, cast yourself down.

3. Matt 5:29   Εἰ δὲ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε,
                        * ἔξελε αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ·,                                                      III.4

          If your right eye offends you, pull it out

and throw it away.

4. Matt 5:30   καὶ εἰ ⸂ἡ δεξιά σου χεὶρ⸃ σκανδαλίζει σε, ἔκκοψον
                        αὐτὴν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ                                                                     III.4

If your right hand offends you, cut it off and

throw it away.

5. Matt 6:23   εἰ οὖν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐν σοὶ σκότος ἐστίν, τὸ σκότος πόσον.                   III.3

If the light in you is darkness, how great [is]

that darkness!

6. Matt 6:30   εἰ δὲ τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ σήμερον ὄντα                                         I.
                        καὶ αὔριον εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον ὁ θεὸς
                        οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν,* οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς,
                        ὀλιγόπιστοι;                

If God so clothes the grass. . . will he not much

rather [clothe] you?

7. Matt 7:11   εἰ … ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες οἴδατε ⸂δόματα ἀγαθὰ                                 I.

διδόναι τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ
πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς δώσει ἀγαθὰ
τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν˸.

If you being evil know how to give good gifts to

your children, much more will your heavenly

father give good things to those who ask him.

8. Matt 8:31   εἰ ἐκβάλλεις ἡμᾶς, ⸂ἀπόστειλον ἡμᾶς⸃ εἰς τὴν                                    III.1

ἀγέλην τῶν χοίρων

If you cast us out, send us into the herd of swine.

9. Matt 10:25 εἰ ⸂τὸν οἰκοδεσπότην⸃ ⸀Βεελζεβοὺλ ⸁ἐπεκάλεσαν,                             I.

πόσῳ μᾶλλον ⸄τοὺς οἰκιακοὺς⸅ αὐτοῦ

If they have called the house-master Beelzeboul,

much more [will they do it to] his household

servants.

84                    GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

10. Matt 11:14 καὶ εἰ θέλετε δέξασθαι,* αὐτός ἐστιν Ἠλίας ὁ                                 III.4

                        μέλλων ἔρχεσθαι

If you are willing to accept [it, or him], he

himself is Elijah who is going to come.

11. Matt 12:26  εἰ ὁ σατανᾶς τὸν σατανᾶν ἐκβάλλει, ἐφʼ ἑαυτὸν                            II.

                        ἐμερίσθη·

If Satan casts out Satan, he has become divided

against himself.

12. Matt 12:27 εἰ ἐγὼ ἐν ⸀Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια,                                 II.¹

                                οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν;

If I by Beelzeboul cast out the demons, by whom

do your sons cast them out?

13. Matt 12:28 εἰ δὲ ἐν πνεύματι θεοῦ ἐγὼ ἐκβάλλω τὰ                                         I.¹

                        δαιμόνια,* ἄρα ἔφθασεν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς ἡ βασιλεία
                        τοῦ θεοῦ.

                        If I by God's Spirit cast out the demons, then

God's kingdom has come upon you.

14. Matt 14:28 κύριε, εἰ σὺ εἶ, κέλευσόν με ⸉ἐλθεῖν πρός σε                                  III.5

                        ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα

Lord, if it is you, command me to come to you

on the water.

15. Matt 16:24 εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν, ἀπαρνησάσθω                                  III.4

                        ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ
                        ἀκολουθείτω μοι
                        If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny

himself and lift up his cross and keep following

me.

16. Matt 17:4  εἰ θέλεις,⸃ ⸀ποιήσω ὧδε ⸉τρεῖς σκηνάς⸊, σοὶ μίαν                             III.4

                        μίαν καὶ Μωϋσεῖ μίαν καὶ ⸉¹Ἠλίᾳ μίαν⸊.

If you wish, I will make here three booths, one

for you.

17. Matt 18:8 Εἰ δὲ ἡ χείρ σου ἢ ὁ πούς σου σκανδαλίζει σε,                                 III.4

                        ἔκκοψον ⸀αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ

If your hand or foot offends you, cut it off and

throw it away.

18. Matt 18:9  εἰ⸃ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου σκανδαλίζει σε, ἔξελε αὐτὸν                             III.4

                        καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ

If your eye offends you, pull it out and throw

it away.

19. Matt 18: ἀπόδος ⸆ εἴ τι ὀφείλεις.                                                             I.

 Pay [it] back, if you owe anything.

 

¹ Cf. vv 27, 28; pair of opposites.

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     85

 

20. Matt 19:10   εἰ οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ αἰτία τοῦ ⸀ἀνθρώπου μετὰ τῆς                            III.5

γυναικός, οὐ συμφέρει γαμῆσαι
            If the case of a man with his wife is so, it is not

advantageous to marry.

21. Matt 19: 17 εἰ δὲ θέλεις ⸉εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν⸊,                                            III.4

                        τήρησον τὰς ἐντολάς
                        If you want to enter into life, keep the

commandments.

22. Matt 19:21 εἰ θέλεις τέλειος εἶναι, ὕπαγε πώλησόν σου τὰ                               III.4

                        ὑπάρχοντα καὶ δὸς °[τοῖς]* πτωχοῖς, καὶ ἕξεις
                        θησαυρὸν ἐν ⸁οὐρανοῖς,* καὶ δεῦρο ἀκολούθει μοι  

If you want to be perfect, go sell. . . give. . . and

keep following me.

23. Matt 22:45  εἰ οὖν Δαυὶδ ⸆ καλεῖ αὐτὸν κύριον, πῶς υἱὸς                                       I.

αὐτοῦ ἐστιν;
            If David calls him Lord, how is he his Son?

24. Matt 26:33 εἰ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται ⸂ἐν σοί,* ἐγὼ⸃                                      III.4

οὐδέποτε σκανδαλισθήσομαι
            If all shall be offended in you, I shall never be

offended.

25. Matt 26:39   πάτερ °μου,* εἰ δυνατόν ἐστιν, παρελθάτω ἀπʼ                               III.2²

ἐμοῦ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο
            My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass

away from me.

26. Matt 26:42 εἰ οὐ δύναται ⸀τοῦτο παρελθεῖν . . .                                                 III.2²

                        γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου.

My Father, if it is not possible that this pass.

let your will come to pass.

27. Matt 27:40  σῶσον σεαυτόν, εἰ υἱὸς ⸂εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ                                                    II.

[καὶ] κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ
                Save yourself, if you are God's son, and come

down from the cross.

28. Matt 27:43  ῥυσάσθω ⸀νῦν εἰ θέλει αὐτόν                                                                   II.

Let him deliver him now, if he wants him.

29. Mark 3:26  εἰ ὁ σατανᾶς ἀνέστη ἐφʼ ἑαυτὸν ⸂καὶ ἐμερίσθη,                                      II.

                        οὐ δύναται ⸀στῆναι ἀλλὰ τέλος ἔχει

If Satan has risen up against himself and has

become divided, he cannot stand, but has an end.

30. Mark 4:23  εἴ τις ἔχει ὦτα ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω                                                            III.3

If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear.

 

² Cf. vv 39, 42; pair of alternative possibilities.

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31. Mark 8: 12  εἰ δοθήσεται τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ σημεῖον.                                              II.³

[May something terrible happen to me] if a sign

shall be given to this generation.

32. Mark 8:34  εἴ τις⸃ θέλει ὀπίσω μου ⸀ἀκολουθεῖν, ἀπαρνησάσθω                        III.4

ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ
            ἀκολουθείτω μοι.

If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny

himself and lift up his cross and keep following

me.

33. Mark 9:22 εἴ τι δύνῃ, βοήθησον ἡμῖν σπλαγχνισθεὶς                                         III.5

ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς
            If you can [do] anything, show mercy and help us.

34. Mark 9:23  τὸ εἰ δύνῃ, πάντα δυνατὰ τῷ πιστεύοντι.                                        __ ⁴

                        [Watch that expression] "If you can"--all things

are possible to the one who trusts.

35. Mark 9:35   εἴ τις θέλει πρῶτος εἶναι, ἔσται πάντων ἔσχατος                               III.4

καὶ πάντων διάκονος
            If anyone wants to be first he shall be last of

all and servant of all.           

36. Mark 9:42  καλόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον εἰ περίκειται μύλος                                     II.

ὀνικὸς περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ καὶ βέβληται
            εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν.

It is better for him if a millstone is placed

around his neck and he has been cast into the sea.

37. Mark 11:22, Eἰ ἔχετε πίστιν θεοῦ. ἀμὴν ⸆ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ὃς ἂν                         III.3

                        εἴπῃ τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ·... καὶ μὴ διακριθῇ ...
                        ἀλλὰ πιστεύῃ ... ἔσται⸃ αὐτῷ
                        If you have faith in God, I tell you that whoever

says to this mountain. . . and does not doubt

. . . but believes. . . , it shall be his.

38. Mark 11:25  ἀφίετε εἴ τι ἔχετε κατά τινος                                                                    II.⁵

Forgive, if you have anything against anyone.

39. Mark 13:22  πρὸς τὸ ἀποπλανᾶν, εἰ δυνατόν, τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς.                           II.⁵

In order to lead astray, if [it is] possible, the

elect ones.

40. Mark 14:29 εἰ καὶ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐγώ                             III.2

Even if all shall be offended, yet [will]

not I.

 

³ An elliptical Semitic idiom expressing an oath. Cf. Heb. 3:11, 4:3, 5.

⁴ Not a conditional sentence, but a reference or quote of part of the preceding

sentence. No separate classification given.

⁵ Not a complete conditional sentence, but an idiomatic parenthetic insertion into

a purpose clause.

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     87

 

41. Mark 14:35  καὶ προσηύχετο ⸂ἵνα εἰ δυνατόν ἐστιν παρέλθῃ                             III.2⁶

ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ ἡ ὥρα
            He kept praying that, if it is possible, the hour

might pass away from him.

42. Luke 4:3  εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἰπὲ ⸂τῷ λίθῳ τούτῳ ἵνα                               I.

γένηται ἄρτος
            If you are God's son, tell this stone to become

bread.

43. Luke 4:9  εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, βάλε σεαυτὸν ἐντεῦθεν                                I.

κάτω
            If you are God's son, throw yourself down from here.

44. Luke 6:32   καὶ εἰ ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας ὑμᾶς,* ποία ὑμῖν                           III.4

 χάρις ἐστίν;
And if you love those who love you, what sort of

credit is it to you?

45. Luke 9:23 εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεσθαι, ⸀ἀρνησάσθω                                  III.4

                        ἑαυτὸν ⸋καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ⸌ καθʼ
                        ἡμέραν⸌ καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι.

If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny

himself. . . lift up. . . and keep following me.

46. Luke 11:8  εἰ καὶ⸌ οὐ δώσει αὐτῷ ἀναστὰς διὰ τὸ εἶναι                                    I.

φίλον αὐτοῦ, διά γε τὴν ἀναίδειαν αὐτοῦ
            ἐγερθεὶς δώσει αὐτῷ ὅσων χρῄζει.

Even if he will not arise and give to him because

he is his friend, yet because of his shamelessness

he will arise and give to him as much as he has need of.

47. Luke 11:13  εἰ οὖν ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ⸀ὑπάρχοντες οἴδατε δόματα                 I.

                        ἀγαθὰ διδόναι τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον
                        ὁ πατὴρ* ⸂[ὁ] ἐξ οὐρανοῦ⸃ δώσει ⸄πνεῦμα ἅγιον
                        τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν

                        If you being evil know how to give good gifts to

your children, much more your heavenly Father

will give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him.

48. Luke 11:18 εἰ δὲ καὶ ὁ σατανᾶς ἐφʼ ἑαυτὸν διεμερίσθη, ⸀πῶς                      II.

πῶς σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ;
            If Satan has been divided against himself, how

shall his kingdom stand?

49. Luke 11:19 εἰ δὲ ἐγὼ ἐν ⸀Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια,                               II.⁷

οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν;
            If I by Beelzeboul cast out the demons, by whom

do your sons cast them out?

 

⁶ Not a complete conditional sentence, but an idiomatic parenthetic insertion into

a purpose clause.

⁷ Cf. vv 19, 20; pair of opposites.

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50. Luke 11:20  εἰ δὲ ἐν δακτύλῳ θεοῦ °[ἐγὼ] ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια,        I.⁷

ἄρα ἔφθασεν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ

If I by the finger of God cast out demons, then

God's kingdom has come upon you.

51. Luke 11:36  εἰ οὖν τὸ σῶμά σου ὅλον φωτεινόν, μὴ ἔχον                                III.3

                        εἰ οὖν τὸ σῶμά σου ὅλον φωτεινόν, μὴ ἔχον
                        ⸄μέρος τι⸅ σκοτεινόν, ἔσται φωτεινὸν ὅλον ὡς
                        ὅταν ὁ λύχνος ⸆ τῇ ἀστραπῇ φωτίζῃ σε. 

If your whole body is bright. . . it shall be

wholly bright, as when. . .

52. Luke 12:26  εἰ οὖν οὐδὲ ἐλάχιστον δύνασθε, τί περὶ τῶν                                           I.

τῶν λοιπῶν⸃ μεριμνᾶτε;

If you are not able [to do] the littlest thing, why

are you anxious about the rest?

53. Luke 12:28 εἰ δὲ ἐν ἀγρῷ τὸν χόρτον ὄντα σήμερον καὶ                                        I.

                        αὔριον εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον ὁ θεὸς οὕτως
                        ἀμφιέζει,* πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς, ὀλιγόπιστοι.

If God clothes the grass. . . much more [will he

clothe] you.

54. Luke 14:26 εἴ τις ἔρχεται πρός με καὶ οὐ μισεῖ τὸν πατέρα                                  III.4

ἑαυτοῦ καὶ … οὐ δύναται ⸉εἶναί μου μαθητής

If anyone comes to me and does not hate his

own father and. ..he cannot be my disciple.

55. Luke 16:11  εἰ οὖν ἐν τῷ ἀδίκῳ μαμωνᾷ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε,                III.4

τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει;

If you have not become faithful in the

unrighteous mammon, who will entrust to you

the true [wealth]?

56. Luke 16:12  καὶ εἰ ἐν τῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε, τὸ                              III.4

ὑμέτερον τίς ⸉ὑμῖν δώσει⸊;

If you have not become faithful in that which

belongs to another, who will give to you that

which is your own?

57. Luke 16:31  εἰ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἀκούουσιν,                              III.4

οὐδʼ ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ⸀ἀναστῇ ⸁πεισθήσονται

If they do not hear Moses and the prophets, they

will not even be persuaded if someone should

rise from the dead.

58. Luke 17:2 λυσιτελεῖ αὐτῷ εἰ ⸂λίθος μυλικὸς⸃ περίκειται περὶ                                  II.

                        περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔρριπται εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν

It is better for him if a millstone is put around

his neck and he has been cast into the sea.

 

⁷ Cf. vv 19, 20; pair of opposites.

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                                 89

 

59. Luke 17:6  εἰ ἔχετε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως, ἐλέγετε                              III.4⁸

                        ἂν ⸆ τῇ συκαμίνῳ °[ταύτῃ]· ⸂ἐκριζώθητι καὶ
                        φυτεύθητι ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ⸃· καὶ ὑπήκουσεν ἂν ὑμῖν. 

If you have faith like a mustard-seed, you would

be saying to this tree. . . and it would be

hearkening to you.

60. Luke 18:4, 5  εἰ καὶ τὸν θεὸν οὐ φοβοῦμαι ⸄οὐδὲ ἄνθρωπον                               I.

                        ἐντρέπομαι,* 5 διά γε τὸ παρέχειν μοι κόπον τὴν   
                        χήραν ταύτην ⸆ ἐκδικήσω αὐτήν,

Even if I do not fear God. . . yet because. . . I

will give this widow justice.

61. Luke 19:8 εἴ τινός τι ἐσυκοφάντησα ἀποδίδωμι                                                I.

τετραπλοῦν

If I have cheated anyone out of anything, I am

paying it back four-fold.

62. Luke 22:42 πάτερ, ⸂εἰ βούλει ⸀παρένεγκε τοῦτο τὸ                                            III.2

ποτήριον ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ  …

Father, if you are willing take away this cup

from me.

63. Luke 22:67  εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστός⸂, εἰπὸν ἡμῖν.                                                        II.

                        If you are the Messiah, tell us.

64. Luke 23:31  εἰ ἐν °τῷ ὑγρῷ ξύλῳ ταῦτα ποιοῦσιν,                                               I.

ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ τί ⸀γένηται;

If they are doing these things in the green tree,

what may happen in the dry [tree]

65. Luke 23:35   ἄλλους ⸄ἔσωσεν, σωσάτω ἑαυτόν, εἰ οὗτός                                      II.

ἐστιν ὁ χριστὸς τοῦ θεοῦ⸅ ὁ ἐκλεκτός

"He saved others, let him save himself, if this is

God's Messiah."

66. Luke 23:37 εἰ σὺ εἶ⸃ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων,* ⸄σῶσον                                     II.

                        σεαυτόν.

If you are the king of the Jews, save yourself.

67. John 1:25 τί οὖν βαπτίζεις εἰ σὺ οὐκ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς                                               III.5

                        Why then do you baptize if you are not the

Messiah. . .?

68. John 3:12  εἰ τὰ ἐπίγεια εἶπον ὑμῖν καὶ οὐ πιστεύετε,                                           I.

                        πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐπουράνια ⸀πιστεύσετε;

                        If I told you earthly things and you do not

believe, how will you believe. . . ?

 

⁸ A mixed condition; the protasis is first class by form, the apodosis is second

class.

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69. John 5:47  εἰ δὲ τοῖς ἐκείνου γράμμασιν οὐ πιστεύετε,                                           I.

πῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν ⸀πιστεύσετε;

If you do not believe that one's writings, how

will you believe my words?

70. John 7:4  εἰ ταῦτα ποιεῖς, φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ                                              III.5

κόσμῳ

If you are doing these things, show yourself to

the world.

71. John 7:23 εἰ περιτομὴν λαμβάνει ⸆ ἄνθρωπος ἐν σαββάτῳ                                      I.

                        … ἐμοὶ χολᾶτε ὅτι ⸉ὅλον ἄνθρωπον⸊ ὑγιῆ

                        ἐποίησα ἐν σαββάτῳ;

If a man gets circumcision on the Sabbath. . .

are you angry with me because I have made the

whole man well on the Sabbath?

72. John 8:39 εἰ τέκνα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ ⸀ἐστε, τὰ ἔργα τοῦ                                               II.⁹

Ἀβραὰμ ⸁ἐποιεῖτε

If you are Abraham's children, you would be

doing Abraham's works.

73. John 8:46 εἰ ἀλήθειαν λέγω, διὰ τί ὑμεῖς οὐ                                                          I.

πιστεύετέ °μοι;

If I speak the truth, why do you not believe me?

74. John 10:24  εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστός, εἰπὲ ἡμῖν παρρησίᾳ.                                             III.5

                        If you are the Messiah, tell us boldly.

75. John 10:35  εἰ ἐκείνους εἶπεν θεοὺς ⸋πρὸς οὓς ὁ λόγος ⸉τοῦ                              I.

                        θεοῦ ἐγένετο… 36 ὃν ὁ πατὴρ ἡγίασεν καὶ
                        ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον ὑμεῖς* λέγετε ὅτι
                        βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπον·* υἱὸς °τοῦ θεοῦ εἰμι;

If he called them "gods" to whom God's

word came. . . do you say "you blaspheme"

to me whom the Father set apart and sent into

the world, because I said, "I am God's

son"?

76. John 10:37 εἰ οὐ ποιῶ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πατρός μου, μὴ                                           II.¹⁰

πιστεύετέ μοι
            If I do not do the works of my father, do not

believe me.

77. John 10:38  εἰ δὲ ποιῶ, κἂν ἐμοὶ μὴ ⸀πιστεύητε, τοῖς ἔργοις                              I.¹⁰

πιστεύετε,

But if I do [do the works of my father], . . .

believe my works.

 

⁹ A mixed condition; the protasis is first class by form, the apodosis is second

class.

¹⁰ Cf. vv 37, 38; pair of opposites.

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     91

 

78. John 11:12  κύριε, εἰ ⸀κεκοίμηται ⸁σωθήσεται.                                                     I.

Lord, if he is asleep he will be safe.

79. John 13:14 εἰ οὖν ἐγὼ ἔνιψα ὑμῶν τοὺς πόδας ὁ                                                  I.

                        κύριος καὶ ὁ διδάσκαλος, καὶ ὑμεῖς
                        ὀφείλετε ἀλλήλων νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας           

If I . . . have washed your feet, you also ought

to keep washing one another's feet.

80. John 13:17  εἰ ταῦτα οἴδατε, μακάριοί ἐστε ἐὰν ποιῆτε                                              III.3

αὐτά.

If you know these things, you are blessed. . .

81. John 13:32  εἰ ὁ θεὸς ἐδοξάσθη ἐν αὐτῷ],⸌ καὶ ὁ θεὸς                                   I.

αὐτὸν

If God has been glorified in him, God also will

glorify him.

82. John 14:7 εἰ ⸂ἐγνώκατέ με⸃, καὶ τὸν πατέρα μου ⸀γνώσεσθε                          I.

If you know me, you will also know my father.

83. John 14:11  εἰ δὲ μή, διὰ τὰ ἔργα ⸀αὐτὰ πιστεύετε.                                                 III.5

If not [if you do not believe me for these

reasons], believe me on account of the works

themselves.

84. John 15:18 Εἰ ὁ κόσμος ὑμᾶς ⸀μισεῖ, γινώσκετε ὅτι                                                   I.

ἐμὲ πρῶτον °ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν

If the world hates you, you know that it has

hated me first.

85. John 15:20 εἰ ἐμὲ ἐδίωξαν, καὶ ὑμᾶς διώξουσιν                                                 I.¹¹

If they persecuted me, they will persecute you too.

86. John 15:20  εἰ τὸν λόγον μου ἐτήρησαν, καὶ τὸν ὑμέτερον                                II.¹¹

τηρήσουσιν

If they have kept my word, they will keep

yours too.

87. John 18:8 εἰ οὖν ἐμὲ ζητεῖτε, ἄφετε τούτους ὑπάγειν                                             I.

If you are seeking me, permit these to depart.

88. John 18:23 εἰ κακῶς ἐλάλησα, μαρτύρησον περὶ τοῦ κακοῦ                                   II.¹²

κακοῦ

If I have spoken in an evil way, testify of the evil.

89. John 18:23 εἰ δὲ καλῶς, τί με δέρεις;                                                                     I.¹²

But if [I have spoken] in a good way, why do

you beat me?

 

¹¹ Cf. rest of verse; pair of opposites.

¹² Cf. rest of verse; pair of opposites.

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90. John 20:15 κύριε, εἰ σὺ ἐβάστασας αὐτόν, εἰπέ μοι ποῦ                                       III.5

ἔθηκας αὐτόν, κἀγὼ αὐτὸν ἀρῶ

Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where

you have put him, and I will take him away.

91. Acts 4:9, 10 εἰ ἡμεῖς σήμερον ἀνακρινόμεθα ⸆ ἐπὶ                                                  I.

                        εὐεργεσίᾳ ἀνθρώπου ἀσθενοῦς …
                        10 γνωστὸν ἔστω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν καὶ παντὶ τῷ
                        λαῷ *Ἰσραὴλ ὅτι …

If we are being judged concerning a kindness to

a sick man. . . let it be known to you all. . .

92. Acts 5:39  εἰ δὲ ἐκ θεοῦ ἐστιν, οὐ δυνήσεσθε                                                  III.5

καταλῦσαι ⸀αὐτούς

But if it is of God, you will not be able to

stop them.

93. Acts 11:17 εἰ οὖν τὴν ἴσην δωρεὰν ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς* ὁ                                           I.¹³

θεὸς ὡς καὶ ἡμῖν … ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην δυνατὸς
            κωλῦσαι τὸν θεόν;

If God has given to them an equal gift as also to

us. . . who was I [to be] able to hinder God?

94. Acts 16:15 εἰ κεκρίκατέ με πιστὴν τῷ ⸀κυρίῳ εἶναι,                                                  I.

εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου ⸁μένετε

If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord,

come into my house and stay.

95. Acts 18:15  εἰ δὲ ⸀ζητήματά* ⸁ἐστιν περὶ λόγου καὶ ὀνομάτων                                 I.

καὶ νόμου τοῦ καθʼ ὑμᾶς, ὄψεσθε αὐτοί

If there are questions about. . . a law of yours,

you shall see [to them] yourselves.

96. Acts 19:38  εἰ μὲν οὖν Δημήτριος καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ                                          III.5¹⁴

                        τεχνῖται ἔχουσιν πρός ⸆ τινα λόγον, ἀγοραῖοι
                        ἄγονται καὶ ἀνθύπατοί εἰσιν,* ἐγκαλείτωσαν
                        ἀλλήλοις.

                        If Demetrius and. . . have a complaint against

someone, courts are being held and there are

officials; let them bring charges against one another.

97. Acts 19:39 εἰ δέ τι ⸀περαιτέρω ⸁ἐπιζητεῖτε, ἐν ⸂τῇ ἐννόμῳ                                III.5¹⁴

ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐπιλυθήσεται

But if you are looking for something more, it

shall be settled in the lawful assembly.

98. Acts 23:9  εἰ δὲ πνεῦμα ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ ἢ ἄγγελος--.                                           III.5

But if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him-.

 

¹³ In form this resembles a second class condition (past tense of indicative), but it

is a rhetorical question which accounts for the past tense (potential imperfect) in the

apodosis, and it is not contrary to fact.

¹⁴ Cf. vv 38, 39; pair of alternative possibilities.

   BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                  93

 

99. Acts 25:5 εἴ τί ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ἀνδρὶ ⸀ἄτοπον                                                          III.5

                        κατηγορείτωσαν αὐτοῦ

                        If there is anything a-miss about the man, let

them bring accusation against him.

100. Acts 25:11  εἰ μὲν οὖν ἀδικῶ καὶ ἄξιον ⸉θανάτου πέπραχά τι,                        II.¹⁵

τι⸊, οὐ παραιτοῦμαι τὸ ἀποθανεῖν

If I am wrong and have done anything worthy of

death, I do not refuse to die.

101. Acts 25:11  εἰ δὲ οὐδέν ἐστιν ὧν οὗτοι κατηγοροῦσίν μου,                              I.¹⁵

οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι

But if there is nothing of which these accuse me,

no one can give me over to them.

102. Acts 26:8 τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν εἰ ὁ θεὸς                                             I.

νεκροὺς ἐγείρει;

Why is it considered by you an unbelievable

thing if God raises the dead?

103. Rom 2:17-21  Εἰ δὲ⸃ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ καὶ ἐπαναπαύῃ                             I.

                        … καὶ καυχᾶσαι ἐν θεῷ … καὶ γινώσκεις … καὶ
                        δοκιμάζεις … πέποιθάς τε … ὁ οὖν διδάσκων
                        ἕτερον σεαυτὸν οὐ διδάσκεις; . . .

If you are named a Jew. . .--, you who teach

another, do you not teach yourself?

104. Rom 3:3  τί γάρ; εἰ ἠπίστησάν τινες . . .                                                             I.

What [shall we conclude] if some did not believe?

105. Rom 3:5  εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀδικία ἡμῶν θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην                                                 I.

συνίστησιν, τί ἐροῦμεν;

If our unrighteousness recommends God's

righteousness, what shall we say?

106. Rom 3:7 εἰ ⸀δὲ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ψεύσματι                                       I.

                        ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, τί ἔτι κἀγὼ
                        ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι;

If God's truth has abounded by my lie unto his

glory, why am I still judged as a sinner?

107. Rom 3:29, 30  ναὶ καὶ ἐθνῶν, 30 ⸀εἴπερ εἷς ὁ θεὸς . . .                                         I.

Yes, [he is God] also of the gentiles, if indeed

God is one.

108. Rom 4:2 εἰ γὰρ Ἀβραὰμ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ἔχει                                                II.

Καύχημα

If Abraham was justified from works, he has a

ground for boasting.

 

¹⁵ Cf. rest of verse; pair of opposites.

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109. Rom 4:14 εἰ γὰρ οἱ ἐκ νόμου κληρονόμοι, κεκένωται ἡ                                     II.

πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία
            If those who are of the law [are] heirs, faith has

become empty and the promise has become

inoperative.

110. Rom 5:10  εἰ γὰρ ἐχθροὶ* ὄντες κατηλλάγημεν τῷ θεῷ διὰ                              I.

                        τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ*, πολλῷ μᾶλλον
                        καταλλαγέντες σωθησόμεθα ἐν τῇ ζωῇ αὐτοῦ·         

                        If while. . . we were reconciled. . . much more

now. . . we shall be saved. ..

111. Rom 5:15  εἰ γὰρ τῷ τοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι οἱ πολλοὶ                                      I.

                        ἀπέθανον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ
                        ἡ δωρεὰ °¹ἐν χάριτι τῇ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου Ἰησοῦ
                        Χριστοῦ εἰς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐπερίσσευσεν.

If by . . . the many died, much more has the

grace of God. . . abounded. . .

112. Rom 5:17  εἰ γὰρ ⸂τῷ τοῦ ἑνὸς⸃ παραπτώματι ὁ θάνατος                                   I.

                        ἐβασίλευσεν διὰ τοῦ ἑνός, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οἱ
                        τὴν περισσείαν τῆς χάριτος καὶ ⸄τῆς δωρεᾶς
                        τῆς δικαιοσύνης⸌ λαμβάνοντες ἐν ζωῇ
                        βασιλεύσουσιν διὰ τοῦ ἑνὸς ⸉Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.

If by . . .death reigned. . . much more those. . .

shall reign. . .

113. Rom 6:5  εἰ γὰρ σύμφυτοι γεγόναμεν τῷ ὁμοιώματι τοῦ                                       I.

                        θανάτου αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως
                        ἐσόμεθα

If we have become fellow-sharers in ...his

death, certainly also we shall be [fellow-sharers

in] his resurrection.

114. Rom 6:8  εἰ ⸀δὲ ἀπεθάνομεν σὺν Χριστῷ, πιστεύομεν ὅτι                                      I.

καὶ ⸁συζήσομεν  αὐτῷ
            If we died with Christ, . . . we shall also live

with him.

115. Rom 7:16 εἰ δὲ ὃ οὐ θέλω τοῦτο ποιῶ, σύμφημι τῷ νόμῳ                                    I.

ὅτι ⸀καλός

If I do what I do not want [to do], I am agreeing

with the law that it is good.

116. Rom 7:20 εἰ δὲ ὃ οὐ θέλω °[ἐγὼ] τοῦτο ποιῶ, οὐκέτι                                           I.

                        οὐκέτι ἐγὼ κατεργάζομαι αὐτὸ ἀλλʼ ἡ οἰκοῦσα ἐν

                        ἐμοὶ ἁμαρτία.

If I do what I do not want [to do], I am no

longer doing it but the sin which dwells in me

[is doing it].

 

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     95

 

117. Rom 8:9  Ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἐστὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ἀλλʼ ἐν πνεύματι,                                 III.3¹⁶

εἴπερ πνεῦμα θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν
            You are not in flesh but in spirit, if indeed

God's Spirit dwells in you.

118. Rom 8:9  εἰ δέ τις πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ οὐκ                                                            III.3¹⁶

ἔχει, οὗτος οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῦ
            If anyone does not have Christ's Spirit, this one

does not belong to him.

119. Rom 8:10  εἰ δὲ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν, τὸ μὲν σῶμα ⸀νεκρὸν διὰ                                III.3

 ἁμαρτίαν τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ζωὴ διὰ δικαιοσύνην
            If Christ is in you, the body [is] dead. . . but

the spirit [is] life. . .

120. Rom 8:11  εἰ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἐγείραντος* °τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐκ                               III.3

                        νεκρῶν οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν, ὁ ἐγείρας ⸂Χριστὸν
                        ἐκ νεκρῶν⸃ ζῳοποιήσει καὶ τὰ θνητὰ σώματα
                        ὑμῶν …

If the Spirit. . . dwells in you, the One who

raised Christ. . . will make alive your mortal

bodies. . .

121. Rom 8:13  εἰ γὰρ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆτε, μέλλετε ἀποθνῄσκειν,                            III.3¹⁷

If you live after the flesh you are going to die.

122. Rom 8:13  εἰ δὲ πνεύματι τὰς πράξεις ⸂τοῦ σώματος                                     III.3¹⁷

θανατοῦτε, ζήσεσθε
            But if by the Spirit you keep putting to death the

practices of the body, you shall live.

123. Rom 8:17  εἰ δὲ τέκνα, καὶ κληρονόμοι

If [we are] children, [we are] also heirs.

124. Rom 8:17 συγκληρονόμοι δὲ Χριστοῦ, εἴπερ συμπάσχομεν                                  I.

[We are] fellow-heirs of Christ, if indeed we are

suffering with him.

125. Rom 8:25 εἰ δὲ ὃ οὐ βλέπομεν ἐλπίζομεν, διʼ ὑπομονῆς                                          I.

ἀπεκδεχόμεθα
            If we hope for that which we do not see, we wait

for it through patience.

126. Rom 8:31  εἰ ὁ θεὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, τίς καθʼ ἡμῶν;                                                   I.

                        If God [is] for us, who [is] against us?

 

¹⁶ Cf. rest of verse; pair of alternative possibilities.

¹⁷ Cf. rest of verse; pair of alternative possibilities.

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127. Rom 9:22  εἰ δὲ θέλων ὁ θεὸς ἐνδείξασθαι τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ                                    I.

                        γνωρίσαι τὸ δυνατὸν αὐτοῦ °ἤνεγκεν ἐν πολλῇ
                        μακροθυμίᾳ σκεύη ὀργῆς κατηρτισμένα εἰς
                        ἀπώλειαν,

If God, wishing to . . . endured. . . vessels of

wrath. . . , --.

128. Rom 11:6   εἰ δὲ χάριτι, ⸀οὐκέτι ἐξ ἔργων                                                                      I.

If [it is] by grace, [it is] no longer from works.

129. Rom 11:12   εἰ δὲ τὸ παράπτωμα αὐτῶν πλοῦτος κόσμου καὶ                            I.

                        τὸ ἥττημα αὐτῶν πλοῦτος ἐθνῶν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον
                        τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῶν. 

If their fall [is] the wealth of the world and their

failure [is] the wealth of the gentiles, much more

[will be] their fulness.

130. Rom 11:13,  τὴν διακονίαν μου ⸁δοξάζω*, 14 εἴ πως παραζηλώσω                    III.4

μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ σώσω τινὰς ἐξ αὐτῶν
            I magnify my ministry, if perhaps I shall provoke

. . . and save some.

131. Rom 11:15  εἰ γὰρ ἡ ἀποβολὴ αὐτῶν καταλλαγὴ κόσμου,                                    I.

                        τίς ἡ πρόσλημψις εἰ μὴ ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν;

If their setting aside [is] the world's reconcilia-

tion, what [shall] their acceptance [be] except

life. . . ?

132. Rom 11:16  εἰ ⸀δὲ ἡ ἀπαρχὴ ἁγία, καὶ τὸ φύραμα·                                                   I.        

                        If the first-fruits [are/were] holy, the batch of

dough also [will be holy].

133. Rom 11:16   καὶ °εἰ ἡ ῥίζα ἁγία, καὶ οἱ κλάδοι                                                                I.

                        If the root [is/was] holy, the branches also [will

be holy].

134. Rom 11:17,  Εἰ δέ τινες τῶν κλάδων ἐξεκλάσθησαν, σὺ δὲ                                  I.

                        ἀγριέλαιος ὢν ἐνεκεντρίσθης ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ
                        συγκοινωνὸς ⸂τῆς ῥίζης⸃ τῆς πιότητος τῆς ἐλαίας
                        ἐγένου, 18 μὴ κατακαυχῶ τῶν κλάδων

If some of the branches have been broken off

and you. . . have been grafted in . . . do not

boast against the branches.

135. Rom 11:18  εἰ δὲ ⸀κατακαυχᾶσαι οὐ σὺ τὴν ῥίζαν βαστάζεις                             III.4

ἀλλʼ ἡ ῥίζα σέ
            But if you boast against [them], you are not

supporting the root, but the root [is supporting] you.

136. Rom 11:21  εἰ γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τῶν κατὰ φύσιν κλάδων οὐκ                                           I.

ἐφείσατο, οὐδὲ σοῦ φείσεται
            If God did not spare. . . neither will he

spare you.

BOYER.: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                        97

 

137. Rom 11:24  εἰ γὰρ σὺ ἐκ τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ἐξεκόπης                                          I.

                        ἀγριελαίου καὶ παρὰ φύσιν ἐνεκεντρίσθης εἰς
                        καλλιέλαιον, πόσῳ μᾶλλον οὗτοι οἱ κατὰ φύσιν
                        ἐγκεντρισθήσονται τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐλαίᾳ.

If you were cut off. . . and were grafted in . . .

much more shall these. . . be grafted into. . .

138. Rom 12:18   εἰ δυνατὸν τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν, μετὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων                         III.2

 εἰρηνεύοντες
            If possible being at peace with all. . .

139. Rom 13:9  εἴ τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή, ἐν ⸉τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ                                             I.

ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται
            If [there is] any other commandment, it is

 summed up in this . . .

140. Rom 14:15  εἰ γὰρ διὰ βρῶμα ὁ ἀδελφός σου λυπεῖται,                                   III.4

οὐκέτι κατὰ ἀγάπην περιπατεῖς
            If your brother is being grieved because of food,

you are no longer walking according to love.

141. Rom 15:27   εἰ γὰρ τοῖς πνευματικοῖς αὐτῶν ἐκοινώνησαν                                  I.

τὰ ἔθνη, ὀφείλουσιν καὶ ἐν τοῖς σαρκικοῖς
            λειτουργῆσαι αὐτοῖς.

If the gentiles have become sharers in their

spiritual things, they ought also to minister to

them in fleshly things.

142. 1 Cor 3:12,13   εἰ δέ τις ἐποικοδομεῖ ἐπὶ τὸν θεμέλιον χρυσόν,                      III.4¹⁸

… ἑκάστου τὸ ἔργον φανερὸν γενήσεται
            If anyone builds on the foundation gold. . . ,

each one's work will be manifest.

143. 1 Cor 3:14  εἴ τινος τὸ ἔργον ⸀μενεῖ ὃ ἐποικοδόμησεν                                   III.4¹⁸

μισθὸν λήμψεται
            If anyone's work abides. ..he shall receive

reward.

144. 1 Cor. 3:15  εἴ τινος τὸ ἔργον κατακαήσεται, ζημιωθήσεται,                        III.4¹⁸

αὐτὸς δὲ σωθήσεται, οὕτως δὲ ὡς διὰ πυρός
            If anyone's work shall be burned, he shall suffer';

loss, but he himself shall be saved. . .

145. 1 Cor 3:17   εἴ τις τὸν ναὸν τοῦ θεοῦ φθείρει, ⸀φθερεῖ ⸁τοῦτον                     III.4¹⁸

 ὁ θεός·
            If anyone corrupts God's temple, God will

corrupt him.

 

¹⁸ Cf. vv 14, 15. These four examples represent two pairs of alternative possibilities;

the first and fourth ("if anyone builds. . . or destroys. . . “) and the second and third a

sub-classification of the first ("if anyone builds gold. . . or wood. . . .”).

98                    GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

146. 1 Cor 3:18  εἴ τις δοκεῖ σοφὸς εἶναι ἐν ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι                                III.4

τούτῳ, μωρὸς γενέσθω, ἵνα γένηται σοφός   
            If anyone thinks he is wise. . . let him become

a fool. . .

147. 1 Cor 4:7  εἰ δὲ καὶ ἔλαβες,* τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών;                                      I.

                        If you have received [what you have], why do

you boast. . . ?

148. 1 Cor 6:2  καὶ εἰ ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος, ἀνάξιοί ἐστε                                    I.

κριτηρίων ἐλαχίστων;
             If the world is being judged by you, are you

unworthy of the lesser courts?

149. 1 Cor 7:9   εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἐγκρατεύονται, γαμησάτωσαν,                                         III.4

If they are not controllong themselves, let them

get married.

150. 1 Cor 7:12  εἴ τις ἀδελφὸς γυναῖκα ἔχει ἄπιστον καὶ αὕτη                              III.4¹⁹

συνευδοκεῖ οἰκεῖν μετʼ αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀφιέτω αὐτήν
            If any brother has an unbelieving wife and she is

pleased to stay with him, let him not send

her away.

151. 1 Cor 7:13  καὶ γυνὴ ⸂εἴ τις⸃ ἔχει ἄνδρα ἄπιστον καὶ ⸀οὗτος                            III.4¹⁹

                        συνευδοκεῖ οἰκεῖν μετʼ αὐτῆς, μὴ ἀφιέτω ⸄τὸν
                        ἄνδρα.

If any wife has an unbelieving husband and he is

pleased to stay with her, let her not send him

            away.

152. 1 Cor 7:15   εἰ δὲ ὁ ἄπιστος χωρίζεται, χωριζέσθω                                           III.4¹⁹

But if the unbelieving husband departs, let him

depart.

153. 1 Cor 7:21 ἀλλʼ εἰ °καὶ δύνασαι ἐλεύθερος γενέσθαι,                                  III.2

μᾶλλον χρῆσαι
            But if you are able to become free, use it rather.

154. 1 Cor 7:36  Εἰ δέ τις ἀσχημονεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν παρθένον αὐτοῦ                             III.4

νομίζει,…  ὃ θέλει ποιείτω …
            If anyone thinks he is acting shamefully towards

his virgin. . . let him do what he wants; he is

not sinning; let them be married.

155. 1 Cor 8:2 εἴ ⸆ τις δοκεῖ ⸀ἐγνωκέναι τι, οὔπω ἔγνω καθὼς                             III.3²⁰

δεῖ γνῶναι
            If anyone thinks that he knows anything, he has

not yet come to know as he ought to know.

 

¹⁹ Cf. vv 12, 13, 15; set of three alternative possibilities.

²⁰ Cf. vv 2, 3; pair of alternative possibilities.

 

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     99

 

156. 1 Cor 8:3  εἰ δέ τις ἀγαπᾷ τὸν θεόν, οὗτος ἔγνωσται                                       III.3²⁰
                        ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ

If anyone loves God, he has become known

to him.

157. 1 Cor 8:5, 6  καὶ γὰρ εἴπερ εἰσὶν λεγόμενοι θεοὶ …ἀλλʼ                                      I.
                        ἀλλʼ ἡμῖν εἷς θεὸς ὁ πατὴρ

Even if there are those who are called gods. . .

yet for us [there is] one God, the Father. . .

158. 1 Cor 8:13   διόπερ εἰ βρῶμα σκανδαλίζει τὸν ἀδελφόν °μου,                          III.3

 οὐ μὴ φάγω κρέα εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα,…
            If food offends my brother, I shall never eat

flesh, lest. . .

159. 1 Cor 9:2  εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμι                                 II.

If I am not an apostle to others, yet certainly

I am to you.

160. 1 Cor 9:11  εἰ ἡμεῖς ὑμῖν τὰ πνευματικὰ ἐσπείραμεν,                                     I.²¹

μέγα  
            If we have sowed to you spiritual things, [is it] a

great thing . . . ?

161. 1 Cor 9:11  μέγα εἰ ἡμεῖς ὑμῶν τὰ σαρκικὰ θερίσομεν;                                III.1²¹

[Is it] a great thing, if we shall reap your fleshly

things?

162. 1 Cor 9:12 Εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς ὑμῶν ἐξουσίας μετέχουσιν,* οὐ                              I.

μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς
            If others share authority over you, do not

we more?

163. 1 Cor 9:17 εἰ γὰρ ἑκὼν τοῦτο πράσσω, μισθὸν ⸆ ἔχω                               III.4²²

If I do this willingly, I have a reward.

164. 1 Cor 9: 17 εἰ δὲ ἄκων, οἰκονομίαν πεπίστευμαι                                     III.4²²

But if [I do this] unwillingly, I have been

entrusted with a stewardship.

165. 1 Cor 10:27  εἴ τις καλεῖ ὑμᾶς τῶν ἀπίστων καὶ θέλετε                             III.2

                        πορεύεσθαι,* ⸂πᾶν τὸ παρατιθέμενον⸃ ὑμῖν ἐσθίετε
                        μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν.       
                        If anyone. . . invites you [to dinner] and you

want to go, eat all that is put before you asking

no questions. . .

 

²⁰ Cf. vv 2, 3; pair of alternative possibilities.

²¹ Note that this and the next example are two apodoses, both of which relate to

the same clause as apodosis.

²² Cf. rest of verse; pair of alternative possibilities.

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166. I Cor 10:30  εἰ ἐγὼ χάριτι μετέχω, τί βλασφημοῦμαι ὑπὲρ                                  III.4

οὗ ἐγὼ εὐχαριστῶ
            If I partake [of the food] with thanks, why am

I spoken evil of . . . ?

167. I Cor 11:6  εἰ γὰρ οὐ κατακαλύπτεται γυνή, καὶ κειράσθω                                 III.4

                        If a woman does not wear a covering, let her

also have her hair cut off.

168. I Cor 11:6 εἰ δὲ αἰσχρὸν γυναικὶ τὸ κείρασθαι ἢ ξυρᾶσθαι                               I.

Κατακαλυπτέσθω
            If it is shameful for a woman to have her hair

cut off or to have it shaved, let her wear a

covering.

169. I Cor 11:16  Εἰ δέ τις δοκεῖ φιλόνεικος εἶναι,* ἡμεῖς τοιαύτην                         III.5

συνήθειαν οὐκ ἔχομεν
            If anyone seems to be argumentative, we do not

have such a custom.

170. I Cor 11:34  εἴ ⸆ τις πεινᾷ,* ἐν οἴκῳ ἐσθιέτω                                                     III.4

                        If anyone is hungry, let him eat at home.

171. I Cor 14:5 μείζων δὲ ὁ προφητεύων ἢ ὁ λαλῶν γλώσσαις,                             III.4²³    

                        ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴ* ⸀διερμηνεύῃ, ἵνα ἡ ἐκκλησία
                        οἰκοδομὴν λάβῃ           

The one who prophesies is greater than the one

who speaks in tongues, unless he interprets. . .

172. I Cor 14:27  εἴτε γλώσσῃ τις λαλεῖ, κατὰ δύο ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον                            III.1

                        τρεῖς καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος, καὶ εἷς διερμηνευέτω
                        And if anyone speaks in a tongue, [let it be] by

two or at most three. . .

173. I Cor 14:35  εἰ δέ τι ⸀¹μαθεῖν θέλουσιν, ἐν οἴκῳ τοὺς ἰδίους                           III.1

ἄνδρας ἐπερωτάτωσαν
            If they wish to learn anything, let them question

their own husbands at home.

174. I Cor 14:37  Εἴ τις δοκεῖ προφήτης εἶναι ἢ πνευματικός,                                  III.3

                        ἐπιγινωσκέτω ἃ γράφω ὑμῖν ὅτι ⸂κυρίου ἐστὶν
                        ἐντολή

If anyone thinks that he is a prophet or is

spiritual, let him recognize that. . .

175. I Cor 14:38 εἰ δέ τις ἀγνοεῖ, ⸀ἀγνοεῖται.                                                          III.3

If anyone does not acknowledge [this], he is not

acknowledged.

 

²³ This is not strictly a first class condition; note the idiomatic ἐκτὸς εἰ μή and the

subjunctive verb.

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     101

 

176. 1 Cor 15:2  διʼ οὗ καὶ σῴζεσθε, τίνι λόγῳ εὐηγγελισάμην                          III.4

ὑμῖν ⸂εἰ κατέχετε
            Through which [gospel] you also are being saved

. . . if you hold fast. . .

177. 1 Cor 15:12  Εἰ δὲ Χριστὸς κηρύσσεται ⸉ὅτι ἐκ νεκρῶν                                I.

                        ἐγήγερται, πῶς λέγουσιν ἐν ὑμῖν τινες ὅτι
                        ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν;

If Christ is preached that he has been raised

from the dead, how do some among you say

that . . . ?

178. 1 Cor 15:13  εἰ δὲ ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ                                     II.

 Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται
            If there is no resurrection of the dead, not even

Christ has been raised.

179. 1 Cor 15:14  εἰ δὲ Χριστὸς οὐκ ἐγήγερται, κενὸν ἄρα °[καὶ] τὸ                      II.

κήρυγμα ἡμῶν
            If Christ has not been raised, then our preaching

[is] empty. . .

180. 1 Cor 15:15  o ὃν οὐκ ἤγειρεν ⸋εἴπερ ἄρα νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται                   II.

Christ, whom he did not raise if in fact the dead

do not rise.

181. 1 Cor 15:16  εἰ γὰρ νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται, οὐδὲ Χριστὸς                                II.

ἐγήγερται
            If the dead do not rise, not even Christ has been

raised.

182. 1 Cor 15:17  εἰ δὲ Χριστὸς οὐκ ἐγήγερται, ματαία ἡ πίστις                             II.

                        ὑμῶν,  ἔτι ἐστὲ ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν

If Christ has not been raised, your faith [is]

worthless. . .

183. 1 Cor 15:19  εἰ ἐν τῇ ζωῇ ταύτῃ ἐν Χριστῷ ἠλπικότες ἐσμὲν                           II.
                        μόνον, ἐλεεινότεροι πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐσμέν

If in this life we have only hoped in Christ, we

are most pitiable of all men.

184. 1 Cor 15:29  εἰ ὅλως νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται, τί καὶ                                           II.
                        βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ ⸀αὐτῶν;

If the dead do not actually rise, why are they

being baptized for them?

185. 1 Cor 15:32  εἰ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ, τί                            I.
                        μοι τὸ ὄφελος;

If . . . I fought with wild beasts in Ephesus, what

[is] the benefit to me?

186. 1 Cor 15:32  εἰ νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται, φάγωμεν καὶ πίωμεν,                            II.
                        αὔριον γὰρ ἀποθνῄσκομεν.

If the dead do not rise, let us eat. . . drink. . .

 

102                  GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

187. 1 Cor 15:44 Εἰ ἔστιν σῶμα ψυχικόν, ἔστιν καὶ πνευματικόν.                               I.

If there is a physical body, there is also a

spiritual one.

188. 1 Cor 16:22  εἴ τις οὐ φιλεῖ τὸν κύριον, ἤτω ἀνάθεμα.                                    III.3

If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be

anathema.

189. 2 Cor 1:6 εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως                             III.2²⁴
                        καὶ σωτηρίας

Whether [if] we are experiencing trouble, [it is]

for your encouragement. . .

190. 2 Cor 1:6  εἴτε παρακαλούμεθα, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν                                             III.2²⁴
                        παρακλήσεως

Whether [if] we are being encouraged, [it is] for

your encouragement. . .

191. 2 Cor 2:2  εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, καὶ τίς ⸆ὁ εὐφραίνων με                                 III.1
                        εἰ μὴ ὁ λυπούμενος ἐξ ἐμοῦ;  

If I grieve you, who then [is] the one who makes

me glad. . . ?

192. 2 Cor 2:5  Εἰ δέ τις λελύπηκεν, οὐκ ἐμὲ λελύπηκεν,                                               I.

                        If any has caused grief, he has not caused me

grief . . .

193. 2 Cor 2:10  καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ ⸂ὃ κεχάρισμαι, εἴ τι⸃ κεχάρισμαι,                                     I.
                        διʼ ὑμᾶς ἐν προσώπῳ Χριστοῦ

If I have forgiven anything, [I have done it] for

your sake. . .

194. 2 Cor 3:7, 8  Εἰ δὲ ἡ διακονία τοῦ θανάτου ἐν ⸀γράμμασιν                                  I.

                        ἐντετυπωμένη λίθοις ἐγενήθη ἐν δόξῃ          

If the ministry of death. ..came about in glory

. . .how much more shall the ministry of the

Spirit be in glory?

195. 2 Cor 3:9 εἰ γὰρ ⸂τῇ διακονίᾳ⸃ τῆς κατακρίσεως δόξα,                                        I.

                        πολλῷ μᾶλλον περισσεύει ἡ διακονία τῆς
                        δικαιοσύνης δόξῃ. 

If the ministry of condemnation [ was] glory,

much more does the ministry of righteousness

abound in glory.

 

²⁴ Cf. rest of verse; pair of alternative possibilities.

BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     103

 

196. 2 Cor 3: 11  εἰ γὰρ τὸ καταργούμενον διὰ δόξης, πολλῷ                                      I.

μᾶλλον τὸ μένον ἐν δόξῃ
            If that which is being put out of use [came]

through glory, much more that which is abiding

[shall be] in glory.

197. 2 Cor 4:3 εἰ δὲ καὶ ἔστιν κεκαλυμμένον τὸ εὐαγγέλιον                                          I.

                        ἡμῶν, ἐν τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις ἐστὶν κεκαλυμμένον,

If our gospel is hidden, it is hidden in those

who are perishing.

198. 2 Cor 4:16 εἰ καὶ ὁ ἔξω ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος διαφθείρεται, ἀλλʼ                                  I.

ὁ ⸂ἔσω ἡμῶν⸃ ἀνακαινοῦται ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἡμέρᾳ
            If our outer man is decaying, yet our inner

[man] is being renewed. . .

199. 2 Cor 5:2, 3  καὶ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ στενάζομεν … ἐπενδύσασθαι                               I.

                         3 εἴ γε καὶ ⸀ἐκδυσάμενοι οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα.

In this we groan, longing to put on . . . if indeed

when we have put it on we shall not be found

naked.

200. 2 Cor 5:16  εἰ καὶ⸃ ἐγνώκαμεν κατὰ σάρκα Χριστόν, ἀλλὰ                                    I.

                        νῦν οὐκέτι γινώσκομεν                      
                        Even if we have known Christ after the flesh, yet

                        now no longer do we know him.

201. 2 Cor 5:17  εἴ τις ἐν Χριστῷ, καινὴ κτίσις                                                           III.3

                        If anyone [is] is Christ, [he is] a new creation.   

202. 2 Cor 7:8  εἰ καὶ ἐλύπησα ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ⸀ἐπιστολῇ, οὐ μεταμέλομαι·                       I.

                        μεταμέλομαι· ω
                        Even if I grieved you in the letter, I am not sorry.

203. 2 Cor 7:8, 9. εἰ καὶ μετεμελόμην, … νῦν χαίρω . . .                                              I.

                        Even if I was sorry. . . I now rejoice. . .

204. 2 Cor 7:8  βλέπω [γὰρ] ὅτι ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ἐκείνη εἰ καὶ πρὸς ὥραν                             I.

                        ἐλύπησεν ὑμᾶς           
                        (I see that that letter did grieve you, even if [it

                        was] for an hour)

205. 2 Cor 7:12   εἰ καὶ ἔγραψα ὑμῖν, οὐχ ἕνεκεν … ἀλλʼ . . .                                      I.

                        Even if I wrote to you, [it was] not for the

                        sake of . . . , but. . . .

206. 2 Cor 7:14  εἴ τι αὐτῷ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν κεκαύχημαι*, οὐ                                                I.

                        κατῃσχύνθην
                        If I have boasted any to him about you, I was

                        not put to shame.

 

104                  GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

207. 2 Cor 8:12   εἰ γὰρ ἡ προθυμία πρόκειται*, καθὸ ἐὰν ἔχῃ                                  III.3

                        εὐπρόσδεκτος, οὐ καθὸ οὐκ ἔχει
                        If the readiness is present, [one is] accepted

                        according to . . .

208. 2 Cor 10:7  εἴ τις πέποιθεν ἑαυτῷ Χριστοῦ  εἶναι, τοῦτο                                    III.3

                        λογιζέσθω πάλιν ⸁ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ, ὅτι καθὼς αὐτὸς
                        Χριστοῦ, οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς.

                        If anyone is convinced that he himself belongs to

                        Christ, let him reckon. . . that just as he [is] of

                        Christ so also [are] we.

209. 2 Cor 11:4  εἰ μὲν γὰρ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἄλλον Ἰησοῦν κηρύσσει                            III.2
                        ὃν οὐκ ἐκηρύξαμεν, ἢ πνεῦμα ἕτερον λαμβάνετε
                        ὃ οὐκ ἐλάβετε, ἢ εὐαγγέλιον ἕτερον ὃ οὐκ
                        ἐδέξασθε, καλῶς ἀνέχεσθε

                        If the one who comes preaches another Jesus. . .

                        or you receive another spirit. . . or another

                        gospel. . . you put up with it well.

210. 2 Cor 11: εἰ δὲ καὶ ἰδιώτης τῷ λόγῳ, ἀλλʼ οὐ τῇ γνώσει,                                    III.4

                        Even if [I am] a non-expert in speech, yet [I am]

                        not [such] in knowledge.

211. 2 Cor 11:15  οὐ μέγα οὖν εἰ καὶ οἱ διάκονοι αὐτοῦ                                                I.

                        μετασχηματίζονται ὡς διάκονοι δικαιοσύνης

                        [It is] no great thing if his servants also trans-

                        form themselves as servants of righteousness. . .

212. 2 Cor 11:20  ἀνέχεσθε γὰρ εἴ τις ὑμᾶς καταδουλοῖ, εἴ τις                                 III.2
                        κατεσθίει, εἴ τις λαμβάνει, εἴ τις ἐπαίρεται, εἴ
                        τις εἰς πρόσωπον ὑμᾶς δέρει

                        You put up with it if someone. . . devours you

                        . . . takes advantage. . . lifts himself up . . . slaps

                        you in the face.

213. 2 Cor 11:30  Εἰ καυχᾶσθαι δεῖ, τὰ τῆς ἀσθενείας °μου                                     III.2

                        καυχήσομαι
                        If it is necessary to boast I will boast of the things

                        which pertain to my weakness.

214. 2 Cor 12:11  οὐδὲν γὰρ ⸇ ὑστέρησα τῶν ὑπερλίαν ἀποστόλων,                          I.
                        εἰ καὶ οὐδέν εἰμι

                        I have fallen short not at all of the super-

                        apostles, although (even if) I am nothing.

215. 2 Cor 12:15  εἰ περισσοτέρως ὑμᾶς ⸁ἀγαπῶν, ἧσσον ἀγαπῶμαι;                        I.

                        If I love you very much, am I loved the less?

216. Gal 1:9  εἴ τις ὑμᾶς εὐαγγελίζεται παρʼ ὃ ⸁παρελάβετε,                                  III.2
                        ἀνάθεμα ἔστω

                        If anyone preaches as gospel to you [something]

                        beyond what you received, let him be anathema.

                        BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     105

 

217. Gal 2:14  εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς ⸂καὶ οὐχὶ                                  III.4
                        Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς⸃,* ⸁πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις
                        ἰουδαΐζειν;

                        If you being a Jew live like gentiles and not like

                        Jews, how do you compel the gentiles to live as

                        Jews?

218. Gal 2:17  εἰ δὲ ζητοῦντες δικαιωθῆναι ἐν Χριστῷ                                      III.4
                        εὑρέθημεν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἁμαρτωλοί, ⸀ἆρα Χριστὸς
                        ἁμαρτίας διάκονος; μὴ γένοιτο.

                        If while we seek to be justified in Christ we

                        ourselves were discovered [to be] sinners, [is]

                        Christ a minister of sin?

219. Gal 2:18  εἰ γὰρ ἃ κατέλυσα ταῦτα πάλιν οἰκοδομῶ,                                 III.4.
                        παραβάτην ἐμαυτὸν συνιστάνω

                        If I build again the things I had tom down, I

                        constitute myself a transgressor.

220. Gal 2:21  εἰ γὰρ διὰ νόμου δικαιοσύνη, ἄρα Χριστὸς                                  II.
                        δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν

                        If righteousness [is] through law, then Christ

                        died for nothing.

221. Gal 3:4   τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ; εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ                                              III. 3

                        Did you suffer so many things in vain? If indeed

                        [it was] in vain.

222. Gal 3:18  εἰ γὰρ ⸀ἐκ νόμου ἡ κληρονομία, οὐκέτι ἐξ                                       II.
                        ἐπαγγελίας

                        If the inheritance [is] from law, [it is] no

                        longer from promise.

223. Gal 3:29  εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς Χριστοῦ, ἄρα τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ σπέρμα                                 III.3
                        ἐστέ, κατʼ ἐπαγγελίαν κληρονόμοι

                        If you [belong] to Christ, then you are

                        Abraham's seed. . .

224. Gal 4:7  εἰ δὲ υἱός, καὶ κληρονόμος ⸂διὰ θεοῦ.                                                I.

                        If [you are] a son, [you are] also an heir through God.

225. Gal 5:11  Ἐγὼ δέ, ἀδελφοί, εἰ περιτομὴν °ἔτι κηρύσσω, τί                              II.
                        ἔτι διώκομαι;

                        If I am still preaching circumcision, why am I

                        still being persecuted?

226. Gal 5:15  εἰ δὲ ἀλλήλους δάκνετε καὶ κατεσθίετε, βλέπετε                             III.4.
                        μὴ ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων ἀναλωθῆτε

                        If you bite and devour one another, watch out

                        that you are not consumed by one another.

227. Gal 5:18  εἰ δὲ πνεύματι ἄγεσθε, οὐκ ἐστὲ ὑπὸ νόμον.                                   III.3

                        If you are being led by the Spirit, you are not

                        under law.

106                  GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

228. Gal 5:25  Εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι,* ⸂πνεύματι καὶ⸃ στοιχῶμεν.                                 III.4

                        If we are living by the Spirit, let us also walk

                        by the Spirit.

229. Gal 6:3  εἰ γὰρ δοκεῖ τις εἶναί τι μηδὲν ὤν, φρεναπατᾷ                                       III.5

                        ἑαυτόν            
                        If anyone thinks that he is something when he is

                        nothing, he is deceiving himself.

230. Eph 3:2  εἴ γε ἠκούσατε τὴν οἰκονομίαν τῆς χάριτος τοῦ                                     I.

                        θεοῦ τῆς δοθείσης μοι εἰς ὑμᾶς
                        [I say this] if indeed you have heard of the

                        administration. . . given to me . . .

231. Eph 4:20-  Ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν, εἴ γε                                 I.

                  21  αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε

                        You did not learn Christ in this manner, if

                        indeed you have heard him and have been

                        instructed in him.

232. Eph 4:29 ἀλλʼ εἴ τις ἀγαθὸς πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν τῆς ⸀χρείας                                    I.

                        But if [there is] anything good for edifying. . .

                        [let it be named. . . ].

233. Phil 1:22  εἰ δὲ⸃ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί,* τοῦτό μοι καρπὸς ἔργου                              III.2

                        If [it is] to live in the flesh, this [will mean] a

                        fruit of labor for me.

234. Phil 2:1, 2  Εἴ τις οὖν παράκλησις ἐν Χριστῷ, εἴ τι                                             I.

                        παραμύθιον ἀγάπης, εἴ τις κοινωνία πνεύματος,
                        εἴ ⸁τις σπλάγχνα καὶ οἰκτιρμοί,* 2 πληρώσατέ μου
                        τὴν χαρὰν

                        If [there is] any comfort. . . if any consolation

                        . . . if any sharing. . . if any compassion. . .

                        fulfill my joy. . .

235. Phil 2:17   Ἀλλʼ εἰ καὶ σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ                                           III.2

                        λειτουργίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, χαίρω καὶ
                        συγχαίρω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν

Even if I am being poured out as a drink

                        offering on the sacrifice and service of your

                        faith, I rejoice. . .

236. Phil 3:4  Εἴ τις δοκεῖ ἄλλος πεποιθέναι ἐν σαρκί, ἐγὼ μᾶλλον                             I.

                        μᾶλλον
                        If anyone else thinks it well to have confidence

                        in flesh, I (can do so) more.

                        BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     107

 

237. Phil 3:8-11 ἀλλὰ μενοῦνγε °καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν                                 III.3²⁵

                        … εἴ πως καταντήσω εἰς τὴν ἐξανάστασιν ⸂τὴν
                         ἐκ νεκρῶν.

                        I consider all things to be loss. . . if perhaps

                        I may arrive unto the resurrection of the dead.

238. Phil 3:15  καὶ εἴ τι ἑτέρως φρονεῖτε, καὶ τοῦτο ὁ θεὸς                                   III.4

                        ὑμῖν ἀποκαλύψει                    
                        If you think something otherwise, God will

                        reveal even this to you.

239. Phil 4:8  εἴ τις ἀρετὴ καὶ εἴ τις ἔπαινος⸆,* ταῦτα λογίζεσθε                                 I.

                        If [there is] any virtue and if [there is] any

                        praise, consider these things.

240. Col 1:22-23  νυνὶ δὲ ⸀ἀποκατήλλαξεν … εἴ γε ἐπιμένετε                                    III.3

                        τῇ πίστει τεθεμελιωμένοι καὶ ἑδραῖοι °καὶ μὴ
                        μετακινούμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς ἐλπίδος τοῦ εὐαγγελίου
                        οὗ ἠκούσατε,

                        But now you have been reconciled. . . if indeed

                        you remain in the faith. . .

241. Col 2:5   εἰ γὰρ καὶ τῇ σαρκὶ ἄπειμι, ἀλλὰ τῷ πνεύματι                                       I.

                        σὺν ὑμῖν εἰμι              
                        Even if I am absent in the flesh, yet I am with

                        you in spirit.

242. Col 2:20  Εἰ ἀπεθάνετε σὺν Χριστῷ ἀπὸ τῶν στοιχείων                                    III.3

                        τοῦ κόσμου, τί ὡς ζῶντες ἐν κόσμῳ
                        δογματίζεσθε; . . .

                        If you died with Christ. ..why, as though living

                        . . . do you submit to regulations. . . ?

243. Col 3:1  Εἰ οὖν συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ, τὰ ἄνω ζητεῖτε,                                III.3

                        If you were raised together with Christ, seek the

                        things above.

244. I Thess 4:14  εἰ γὰρ πιστεύομεν ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἀπέθανεν καὶ                                  I.

                        ἀνέστη, οὕτως καὶ ὁ θεὸς τοὺς κοιμηθέντας διὰ
                        τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἄξει σὺν αὐτῷ       

                        If we believe that Jesus died and rose, so also

                        God will bring with him those. . .

 

            ²⁵ Not strictly a conditional sentence (the apodosis does not depend on the

protasis). Actually it seems to be an elliptical way of expressing an uncertain purpose:

"I count. . . loss, in order that, if possible, 1 may attain. . . ."

108                              GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

245. 2 Thess 1:5, 7  εἰς τὸ καταξιωθῆναι ὑμᾶς τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ                             I.

                        θεοῦ, … εἴπερ δίκαιον παρὰ θεῷ ἀνταποδοῦναι
                        τοῖς θλίβουσιν ὑμᾶς θλῖψιν 7 καὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς
                        θλιβομένοις ἄνεσιν μεθʼ ἡμῶν

                        That you be considered worthy. . . if indeed [it

                        is] a righteous thing with God to repay. . .

246. 2 Thess 3:10  εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω.                                   III.4

                        If anyone does not want to work, let him not eat.

247. 2 Thess 3:14  Εἰ δέ τις οὐχ ὑπακούει τῷ λόγῳ ⸀ἡμῶν διὰ τῆς                          III.4

                        ἐπιστολῆς, τοῦτον σημειοῦσθε
                        If anyone does not hearken to our word through

                        the letter, mark such. . .

248. I Tim 1:10  καὶ εἴ τι ἕτερον τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ                                     III.4

                        ἀντίκειται
                        And if there is anything else contrary to sound

                        teaching [the law is for it] (Cf. v. 9)

249. I Tim 3:1  Εἴ τις ἐπισκοπῆς ὀρέγεται, καλοῦ ἔργου ἐπιθυμεῖ                             III.4

                        If anyone aspires to the office of overseer, he

                        desires a good work.

250. I Tim 3:5  εἰ δέ τις τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου προστῆναι οὐκ οἶδεν                                  III.5

                        πῶς ἐκκλησίας θεοῦ ἐπιμελήσεται;
                        If anyone does not know how to preside over his

                        own house, how shall he take care of the church

                        of God?

251. I Tim 5:4  εἰ δέ τις χήρα τέκνα ἢ ἔκγονα ἔχει                                                  III.2

                        μανθανέτωσαν πρῶτον τὸν ἴδιον οἶκον εὐσεβεῖν
                        If any widow has children or grand-children, let

                        them learn first to practice piety at home. ..

252. I Tim 5:8   εἰ δέ τις τῶν ἰδίων καὶ μάλιστα οἰκείων οὐ                                    III.4

                        προνοεῖ, τὴν πίστιν ἤρνηται καὶ ἔστιν
                        ἀπίστου χείρων.

                        If anyone does not provide for his own. . . he

                        has denied the faith and is worse than an

                        unbeliever.

253. I Tim 5:9,10  Χήρα καταλεγέσθω . . . εἰ ἐτεκνοτρόφησεν, εἰ                          III.4

                        ἐξενοδόχησεν, εἰ ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν, εἰ
                        θλιβομένοις ἐπήρκεσεν.

                        Let a widow be enrolled. . . if she has reared children,

                        . . . shown hospitality. . . washed. . .assisted. . . followed. . .

254. I Tim 5:16  εἴ τις πιστὴ ἔχει χήρας, ⸀ἐπαρκείτω αὐταῖς                                     III.2

                        If any [woman] believer has widows, let her

                        assist them.

                        BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     109

 

255. 1 Tim 6:3, 4  εἴ τις ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖ καὶ μὴ προσέρχεται                               III.4

                        ὑγιαίνουσιν λόγοις …  τετύφωται . . .
                        If anyone teaches otherwise and does not agree

                        with sound words. . . he is puffed up . . .

256. 2 Tim 2:11  εἰ γὰρ συναπεθάνομεν, καὶ συζήσομεν                                         III.3

                        If we have died with [him], we shall also live

                        with [him].

257. 2 Tim 2:12  εἰ ὑπομένομεν, καὶ συμβασιλεύσομεν                                          III.3

                        If we endure, we shall reign with [him].

258. 2 Tim 2:12 εἰ ⸀ἀρνησόμεθα,* κἀκεῖνος ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς                                   III.4

                        If we deny [him], he also will deny us.

259. 2 Tim 2:13 εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν,* ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει                                             III.4

                        If we are unfaithful, he remains faithful.

260. Titus 1:5-6  ἵνα . . . καταστήσῃς κατὰ πόλιν                                                      III.4

                        Πρεσβυτέρους. . . . εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος, . . .                   

                        In order that. . . you may establish elders

                        . . . if any is above reproach. . .

261. Phlm 17  εἰ οὖν με ἔχεις κοινωνόν, προσλαβοῦ αὐτὸν                                          I.

                        ὡς ἐμέ
                        If you hold me as a partner, receive him as [you

                        would] me.

262. Phlm 18  εἰ δέ τι ἠδίκησέν σε ἢ ὀφείλει, τοῦτο ἐμοὶ                                             I.

                        ἐλλόγα
                        If he has wronged you or owes you anything,

                        charge this to me.

263. Heb 2:2, 3  εἰ γὰρ ὁ διʼ* ⸀ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος ἐγένετο                                 I.

                        βέβαιος … πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα
                        τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας
                        If the word spoken through angels was sure. . .

                        how shall we escape. . . ?

264. Heb 3:11  εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου                                       II.²⁶

                        [May something terrible happen to me] if they

                        shall enter my rest.

265. Heb 4:3  εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου                                         II.²⁶

                        Same as preceding (Heb 3:11; cf. Mk. 8:12).

266. Heb 4:5  εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου                                        II.²⁶

                        Same as preceding (Heb 3:11; cf. Mark 8:12).

 

            ²⁶ An elliptical Semitic idiom expressing an oath. cf. Mark 8:12.

110                  GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

267. Heb 6:9  Πεπείσμεθα δὲ περὶ ὑμῶν, ἀγαπητοί, τὰ                                             I.

                        κρείσσονα καὶ ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας, εἰ καὶ οὕτως
                        λαλοῦμεν

                        We are persuaded of better things concerning

                        you. . . even if we speak thus.

268. Heb 7:15  καὶ περισσότερον ἔτι κατάδηλόν ἐστιν, εἰ κατὰ                               I.

                        τὴν ὁμοιότητα Μελχισέδεκ ἀνίσταται ἱερεὺς
                        ἕτερος

                        This is still more abundantly clear, if another

                        priest arises after the likeness of Melchizedek.

269. Heb 9:13-14  εἰ γὰρ τὸ αἷμα τράγων καὶ ταύρων … ἁγιάζει                               I.

                        … πόσῳ μᾶλλον τὸ αἷμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ,…
                        καθαριεῖ τὴν συνείδησιν ἡμῶν

                        If the blood of bulls and goats. . . sanc-

                        tified . . . much more shall the blood of

                        Christ. . . cleanse your conscience. . .

270. Heb 12:8  εἰ δὲ χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας ἧς μέτοχοι γεγόνασιν                                 III.3

                        πάντες, ἄρα νόθοι καὶ οὐχ υἱοί ἐστε
                        If you are without chastening. . . then you are

                        illegitimate and not sons.

271. Heb 12:25  εἰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐξέφυγον ⸉ἐπὶ γῆς                                             I.

                        παραιτησάμενοι τὸν χρηματίζοντα, πολὺ
                        μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπʼ ⸁οὐρανῶν
                        ἀποστρεφόμενοι

                        If they did escape who. . . much more we [shall

                        not escape] who. . .

272. Jas 1:5  Εἰ δέ τις ὑμῶν λείπεται σοφίας, αἰτείτω παρὰ                               III.3

                        παρὰ τοῦ διδόντος θεοῦ πᾶσιν ἁπλῶς καὶ μὴ
                        ὀνειδίζοντος, καὶ δοθήσεται αὐτῷ

                        If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask. ..

273. Jas 1:23  εἴ τις ἀκροατὴς ⸀λόγου ἐστὶν καὶ οὐ ποιητής,                                III.3

                        οὗτος ἔοικεν ἀνδρὶ κατανοοῦντι τὸ πρόσωπον
                        τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ       

                        If anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer,

                        he is like. . .

274. Jas 1:26  Εἴ τις⸃ δοκεῖ θρησκὸς εἶναι μὴ ⸀χαλιναγωγῶν                             III.3

                        γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ ἀλλʼ* ἀπατῶν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ,
                        τούτου μάταιος ἡ θρησκεία. 

                        If anyone thinks that he is religious while not

                        bridling his tongue. . . this man's religion [is]

                        worthless.

                        BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     111

 

275. Jas 2:8  Εἰ μέντοι ⸂νόμον τελεῖτε βασιλικὸν  κατὰ τὴν                               III.4²⁷

                        γραφήν· ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς
                        σεαυτόν, καλῶς ποιεῖτε

                        If you are accomplishing the royal law . . . , you

                        do well.

276. Jas 2:9  εἰ δὲ προσωπολημπτεῖτε, ἁμαρτίαν ἐργάζεσθε                                      III.4²⁷

                        But if you show partiality you are working sin.

277. Jas 2:11   εἰ δὲ οὐ μοιχεύεις, φονεύεις δέ, γέγονας                                       III.4.

                        παραβάτης νόμου
                        If you do not commit adultery but you commit

                        murder, you have become a law-breaker.

278. Jas 3:2 εἴ τις ἐν λόγῳ οὐ ⸀πταίει, οὗτος τέλειος ἀνὴρ                                     III.4

                        If anyone does not stumble in word, this [is] a

                        mature man.

279. Jas 3:3  εἰ δὲ⸃ τῶν ἵππων τοὺς χαλινοὺς εἰς τὰ στόματα                                       I.

                        βάλλομεν εἰς τὸ πείθεσθαι αὐτοὺς ἡμῖν, καὶ
                        ὅλον τὸ σῶμα αὐτῶν μετάγομεν

                        If we put bits into the mouths of horses. . . , we

                        control their whole body.

280. Jas 3:14  εἰ δὲ ζῆλον πικρὸν ἔχετε καὶ ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ                                    III.4

                        καρδίᾳ⸃ ὑμῶν, μὴ κατακαυχᾶσθε καὶ ψεύδεσθε
                        κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας

                        If you have bitter jealousy and strife in your

                        heart, do not boast and lie against the truth.

281. Jas 4:11  εἰ δὲ νόμον κρίνεις, οὐκ εἶ ποιητὴς νόμου                                       III.4

                        ἀλλὰ κριτής
                        If you judge the law, you are not a doer of the

                        law, but a judge.

282. I Pet 1:6  ὀλίγον ἄρτι, εἰ δέον ἐστίν, λυπηθέντας                                           III.2²⁸
                        ἐν ⸁ποικίλοις πειρασμοῖς

                        Being grieved now for a little while, if it is

                        necessary.

283. I Pet 1:17   καὶ εἰ πατέρα ἐπικαλεῖσθε τὸν                                                    III.3

                         ἀπροσωπολήμπτως κρίνοντα κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου
                        ἔργον, ἐν φόβῳ ⸆ τὸν τῆς παροικίας ὑμῶν χρόνον
                        ἀναστράφητε  

                        If you call upon the father. . . live out the time

                        of your sojourn in fear.

 

            ²⁷ a. vv 8, 9; pair of alternative possibilities.

            ²⁸ Not a complete sentence; the protasis is an idiomatic parenthetic explanation.

112                  GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

284. I Pet 2:2-3 ἄδολον γάλα ἐπιποθήσατε,… εἰ ἐγεύσασθε                                 III.3

                        Desire the milk. . . if you have tasted that the

                        Lord is good.

285. I Pet 2:19  τοῦτο γὰρ χάρις, εἰ διὰ συνείδησιν θεοῦ                                    III.4²⁹

                        ὑποφέρει τις λύπας πάσχων ἀδίκως
                        This [is] grace, if someone for the sake of

                        conscience toward God bears sorrow, suffering

                        unjustly.

286. I Pet 2:20  ποῖον γὰρ κλέος, εἰ ἁμαρτάνοντες καὶ                                      III.4²⁹

                        κολαφιζόμενοι ὑπομενεῖτε;
                        What credit [is there], if you endure when you sin

                        and are punished?

287. I Pet 2:20  ἀλλʼ εἰ ἀγαθοποιοῦντες καὶ πάσχοντες                                           III.4²⁹

                        ὑπομενεῖτε, τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ.
                        But if you endure when you are doing good and

                        suffer, this [is] grace in God's eyes.

288. I Pet 3:1   ἵνα καὶ εἴ τινες ἀπειθοῦσιν τῷ λόγῳ, διὰ τῆς τῶν                         III.3

                        γυναικῶν ἀναστροφῆς ἄνευ λόγου κερδηθήσονται   

                        In order that, even if some [husbands] disbelieve

                        the word, they may be won without the word. . .

289. I Pet 4:11   εἴ τις λαλεῖ, ὡς λόγια θεοῦ                                                             III.4

                        If anyone speaks [let him speak] as the oracle

                        of God.

290. I Pet 4:11  εἴ τις διακονεῖ, ὡς ἐξ ἰσχύος ⸂ἧς χορηγεῖ ὁ θεός                             III.4

                        If anyone serves [let him do it] as from the

                        strength which God supplies.

291. I Pet 4:14  εἰ ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ,                                                III.2

                        μακάριοι
                        If you are reproached in the name of Christ,

                        [you are] blessed.

292. I Pet 4:16  εἰ δὲ °ὡς χριστιανός, μὴ αἰσχυνέσθω,                                              III.2

                        If [anyone suffers] as a Christian, let him not be

                        ashamed.

293. I Pet 4:17  εἰ δὲ πρῶτον ἀφʼ ⸀ἡμῶν, τί τὸ τέλος τῶν                                            I

                        ἀπειθούντων τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ εὐαγγελίῳ;           
                        If [judgment begins] first from us, what [shall

                        be] the end of those. . . ?

294. I Pet 4:18  εἰ ὁ  δίκαιος μόλις σῴζεται, ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ                                         I.

                        ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται;
                        If the righteous man is saved with difficulty,

                        where shall the ungodly and sinner appear?

 

            ²⁹ Cf. vv 19, 20; set or three alternative possibilities.

                        BOYER: FIRST CLASS CONDITIONS                                     113

 

295. 2 Pet 2:4-9  Εἰ γὰρ ὁ θεὸς ἀγγέλων ἁμαρτησάντων οὐκ                                 I.

                        ἐφείσατο … καὶ ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ
                        ἐφείσατο … καὶ πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας
                        τεφρώσας κατέκρινεν… οἶδεν κύριος εὐσεβεῖς
                        ἐκ πειρασμοῦ ῥύεσθαι

                        If God did not spare angels. . . did not spare the

                        old world. . . condemned cities of Sodom . . .

                        delivered Lot. . . the Lord knows how to deliver

                        the godly. . .

296. 2 Pet 2:20  εἰ γὰρ ἀποφυγόντες τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κόσμου ἐν                            III.4

                        ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ κυρίου ⸆ καὶ σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ
                        Χριστοῦ, τούτοις δὲ πάλιν ἐμπλακέντες ἡττῶνται,
                        γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων

                        If, having escaped the defilement of the

                        world. . . and again having become entangled,

                        they are overcome, the last state [is] worse than

                        the first.

297. 1 John 3:13  μὴ θαυμάζετε,* ἀδελφοί⸆, εἰ μισεῖ ὑμᾶς                                         I.

                        Κόσμος
                        Do not be surprised, brethren, if the world

                        hates you.

298. 1 John 4: Ἀγαπητοί, εἰ οὕτως ὁ θεὸς ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς                                         I.

                        καὶ ἡμεῖς ὀφείλομεν ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν
                        Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to

                        love one another.

299. 1 John 5:9   εἰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων λαμβάνομεν                                 I.

                        ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ θεοῦ μείζων ἐστίν
                        If we receive the testimony of men, the

                        testimony of God is greater.

300. 2 John 10  εἴ τις ἔρχεται πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ταύτην τὴν                                             III.2

                        διδαχὴν οὐ φέρει, μὴ λαμβάνετε αὐτὸν εἰς
                        οἰκίαν καὶ χαίρειν αὐτῷ μὴ λέγετε

                        If anyone comes to you and does not bring this

                        teaching, do not receive him into your house. . .

301. Rev 11:5  καὶ εἴ τις αὐτοὺς ⸀θέλει ἀδικῆσαι πῦρ                                                III.4

                        ἐκπορεύεται ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῶν καὶ
                        κατεσθίει τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτῶν
                        If anyone wants to harm them, fire goes forth

                        . . . and devours. . .

302. Rev 11:5  εἴ τις ⸁θελήσῃ αὐτοὺς ἀδικῆσαι,* °οὕτως δεῖ                                 III.4

                        αὐτὸν ἀποκτανθῆναι
                        If anyone will want to harm them, he must be killed thus.

303. Rev 13:9  Εἴ τις ἔχει οὖς ἀκουσάτω                                                                  III.3

                        If anyone has an ear let him hear.

114                  GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

 

304. Rev 13:10  εἴ τις εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν, εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν ὑπάγει                          III.2

                        If anyone [is] for captivity, into captivity he goes.

305. Rev 13:10  εἴ τις ἐν μαχαίρῃ ⸀ἀποκτανθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν                                 III.2

                        μαχαίρῃ ἀποκτανθῆναι
                        If anyone [is] to be killed with a sword, [it is

                        necessary] that he be killed with a sword.

306. Rev 14:9-  εἴ τις προσκυνεῖ ⸂τὸ θηρίον⸃ καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα                                   III.4

            10        αὐτοῦ καὶ λαμβάνει χάραγμα … καὶ αὐτὸς
                        πίεται ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου … καὶ βασανισθήσεται

                        If anyone worships the beast. . . he also shall

                        drink of the wine of God's wrath. . . and shall be

                        tormented . . .

307. Rev 14:11  καὶ εἴ τις λαμβάνει τὸ χάραγμα τοῦ ὀνόματος                                 III.4

                        αὐτοῦ              And if anyone receives the mark. . . [he too has

                        no rest].

308. Rev 20:15  καὶ εἴ τις οὐχ εὑρέθη ἐν ⸂τῇ βίβλῳ⸃ τῆς ζωῆς                             III.3

                        γεγραμμένος,* ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρός
                        If anyone was not found written in the book of

                        life he was cast into the lake of fire.

 

 

 

This material is cited with gracious permission from:

            Grace Theological Seminary

            200 Seminary Dr.

            Winona Lake,  IN   46590

www.grace.edu

Please report any errors to Ted Hildebrandt at:  ted.hildebrandt@gordon.edu
            for biblicalelearning.org