CLEAR SUNSHINE OF THE GOSPEL

 

                                    BREAKING FORTH UPON THE

 

 

 

        Indians in New England.

 

 

                                                       1648

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                            Sabin's Reprints,

 

                 QUARTO  SERIES.

 

                                            No.  X.·

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                    THE

 

CLEAR    SUNSHINE

                                                         OF THE

 

 

      GOSPEL

Breaking      Forth upon the      Indians

                                                   IN

 

 

       NEW-ENGLAND.

             By THOMAS SHEPARD.

                                                                 NEW YORK:
                            REPRINTED FOR JOSEPH SABIN
                                                     1665.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                              EDITION 250 COPIES.

                                       OF WHICH 50 ARE ON LARGE PAPER.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                MUNSELL, PRINTER,

                                                      THE
                       Clear  Sunshine  of  the  Gospel

                                                                                BREAKING   FORTH
                                                                                              UPON   THE
                 INDIANS
                                                       IN
                                   NEW-ENGLAND,
                                                       O R,

           An Historical Narration of Gods
     Wonderfull Workings upon sundry of the
  INDIANS, both chief Governors and Common
     people, in bringing them to a willing and
     desired submission to the Ordinances of
    the Gospel; and framing their hearts to an
      earnest inquirie after the knowledge of
        God the Father, and of Jesus Christ
               the Saviour of the World.

 

By Mr. Thomas Shepard Minister of the Gospel of
Jesus Christ at Cambridge in New-England.

Isaiah 2.2, 3.  And it shall come to passe in the last days, that the mountain of the
Lords house shall bee established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted
above the hills; and all Nations shall flow unto it.
And many people shall go and say, Come ye and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord
to the house of the God of Jacob, and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk
in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the Law, and the word of the Lord from
Jerusalem.

London, Printed by R. Cotes for Bellamy at the three golden
Lions in Cornhill near the Royall Exchange, 1648.

                                                                           TO    THE

        RIGHT  HONOVRABLE

                          THE

        LORDS & COMMONS

                                    Assembled

            In High Court of Parliament.

 

Right Honorable,

THese few sheets present unto your
view a short but welcome discourse of
the visitations of the mostl High upon
the saddest spectacles of degeneracy

upon earth, The poore Indian People: the dis­
 tance of place, (if our Spirits be right) will be no

lessening of the mercy, nor of our thankefulnesse,
That Christ is glorified, that the Gospel doth
any where find footing; and successe is a mer-
cy as well worthy the praise of the Saints on
Earth, as the joy of the Angels in heaven. The
report of this mercy is first made to you, who
are   the Representative of   this Nation,   That
in you England might bee stirred up, to be
                                                                          Re-

The Epistle

Rejoycers in, and Advancers of these promi­
sing beginnings. And because to You an ac­
count is first due of the successe of the Gospel
 in those darke corners of the World, which
have been so much enligtened by Your   fa­
vour, enlivened by Your resolutions, encou­
raged by Your   fore-past indeavours for God,
& hope stil being parts of Your selves, to be
further strengthned by Youre benigne aspects
and bountifull influences on them.

The present  troubles have      not   so far obli­
 terated       and    worn   out    the   fad   impressions
which former times have made upon our  spi­
rits, but we can sadly remember those destruct­
ive  designes  which were  on     foot, and car­
 ryed on for the Introduction of so great  evils
both into  Church  and  State;          In order to
which it was the endeavour of the Contrivers
and Promoters of  those disignes, to wast the
 number  of  the  godly,    as those who would
never   be brought to comply in such ·destruct­
ive   enterprises; which was attempted by
 banishing and forcing some abroad, by bur­
thening and  afflicting  all at  home.      Among

those

 

                                    Dedicatory.

those who tasted of the first,  I  say not  the
worst fort of their cruelty, were these our
Brethren, who to enjoy the liberties of the
Gospel, were content to sit downe, and pitch
their tents in the utmost parts of the Earth,
hoping that there they might be out  of  the
reach of their malice,  as  they were  assured
they were beyond the bounds of  their  love.
God who doth often make mans evil of sin,
serviceable to  the  advancement  of  the riches
of his owne Grace; The most horrid  act
that ever was done by the sonnes of men, the
murther of  Christ, God  made  serviceable to
the  highest  purposes of  Grace  and   mercy
that ever came  upon  his  breast;  That  God
doth shew that  hee  had  mercifull  ends,  in
this their  malicious  purpose:  as hee sufer'd
Paul to be cast into prison, to convert the                 Acts 16.30, 33, 34
Jaylor, to be shipwrackt at Melita, to preach             Acts 28.1, 11
to   the    barbarians,  so  he suffer'd   their way
to be stopped up here, and their persons to be
banished hence, that hee might open a passage
for them in the Wildernesse, and make them
instruments to draw soules to him, who had
been so long estranged from him.
                                                                  It

                                                         The Epistle

It was the end          of  the  adversary to sup­
presse, but Gods to         propagate        the Gospel;
 theirs to smother and put out the light,
Gods to communicate  and    disperse it to the
utmost corners of the Earth; that as one
faith of Paul, his blindnesse gave light to the                      Coecitas Pauli
whole World, so  we hope God will  make                   to tius orbis illuminatio
their distance and estrangednesse from us, a
means of bringing many near and in to ac­
quaintance with him.

                Indeed a long time it was before God
               let them fee any farther end of their comming o­
               ver, then to prejerve their confciences, cherish
               their Graces, provide for  their  sustenance:
               But when Providences invited their return, he
               let them know it was for some farther Arrand
               that hee brought them thither, giving them
               some Bunches of Grapes, some Clusters of Figs
                in earnest of the prosperous successe of their
                endeavours upon those poor out casts: The ut­
                  most ends of   the   earth are designed and pro­            Psal. 2.8
                  mised to be in time the possessions of Christ;                Isa. 5.10, 11, 12
                  And hee sends his Ministers into every place                  Isa. 11.9, 10
                  where he himselfe intends to come, and   take pos­          Luke 10.1
                                                                                           session.

 

                                                   Dedicatory.

session. Where the Ministery is the Harbinger
and goes before, Christ and Grace will cer­
tainly follow after.

This little we see is something in hand, to
earnest to us those things which are in hope;
something in possession, to assure us of the rest
in promise, when   the ends of the earth shall
see his glory, and the Kingdmes of the world
shall become the Kingdomes of the Lord and his
Christ, ·when hee shall have Dominion from Sea            Psal. 22.27
to Sea, and they that dwell in the wildernesse           Rev. 11.15
shall bow before him. And if the dawn of the                 Psal. 72. 8, 9, 10, 11
morning be so delightfull, what will the clear
day be? If the first fruits be so precious, what
wil the whole harvest be? if some beginnings
be so ful of joy, what will it be when God
shall perform his whole work, when the whole
earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord,
as the waters cover the Sea, and East and
 West shal sing together the song of the
     In order to this what ·doth God require
of us, but that we should strengthen the hands,
 incourage the hearts of those who are at work
for him, conflicting with difficulties, wrestling

                                                                             With

 

                                                     The Epistle

with discouragements, to spread the Gospel,
& in that, the same and honor of this Nation,
to the utmost ends of the earth? It was the
design of  your  enemies to  make them little, let
 it be your endevor to make them great, their
greatnesse is your strength. Their enemies
threatned their hands should reach them for
evil, God disappointed them; And let your
hands  reach   them   now  for  good;  there
is enough in them to speak then sit
objectes of your  incouragement, they are
men of choice spirits, not frighted with
dangers, softned with allurements, nor dis­
couraged with difficulties, preparing the way
of the Lord in those unpassable places of the
earth, dealing with such whom they are to
make men, before they can make them Christ­
ians. They are such who are impressed for your
service in the service of Christ, can stand alone,
but desire to have dependence on you, they
feare not the malice of their enemies, but de-
sire the countenance and incouragement of
their friends; And shal your Honors in con­
sideration of their former sufferings, their pre­
                                                                     sent

 

 

                                           Dedicatory.

sent service, and reall deservings, help the day
of small things among them; shal you interest
them in your assistances, as you are interested
 in their affections, you wil thereby not only
further these beginnings of God by incourag­
ing their hearts, and strengthning their hands
to work for him, but also (as we humbly con­
ceive) much add to the comfort of your owne
accounts in the day of the Lord, and lay greater
obligations on them yet more to pray for you,
to promote your counsels, and together with
us your unworthy servants to write down
themselves,

                  Yours humbly devoted in the service of the Gospel.

           Stephen Marshall         John Downam          Tho. Goodwin
           Jeremy Whitaker          Philip Nye                Tho. Café
           Edm. Calamy                Syd. Symptson         Simeon Ashe
           William Greenbill         William Carter         Samuel Boton.

                                    TO THE
            Godly and well affected of
                    this Kingdome of ENGLAND;
                 who pray for, and rejoice in, the
                   thrivings of the Gospel of our
                                LORD JESUS


Christian Reader,

                        IF ever thou hadst experience of this day of
                        power, these visitations of Christ upon
                        thine own Spirit; I suppose thee to be one

                       who hast embarqu'd many prayers for
                                                                                                                  the successe of the Gospel in these darke
            corners of the earth;  to strengthen thy faith,  inlarge

thy heart, and assure thy soul that God is a God hear­
ing prayers: An account is here given to thee of the
conquests of the Lord Jesus upon theft poor out-casts,
who have thus long been estranged from him, spilt like

water upon the ground and none to gather them. For­
merly thou had, The Day-break, some dawnings of
light, after a long and black night of darkenes, here thou

seest the  sun  is  up, which  wee hope will  rejoice like
the strong man to run its race, scattering these thick
clouds of darknesse, and shining brighter and brighter
till it  come  to a  perfect day.  These few  sheets give
thee fame footing for such thoughts, and fame further
incouragements to wait & pray  for  the accomplish­
ment of such things.     Here thou mayst see, the Ministry
is precious, the feet of them who bring glad tidings
beautifull,  Ordinances  desired,  the  Word frequented

                                                                                                   and

 

                                                The Epistle

and attended, the Spirit also going forth in power and
efficacy with it, in awakening and humbling if them,
drawing forth these affections if sorrow, and expressions
if tears in abundance, which no tortures or  extremities

were ever observed to force from them, with lamenting:
we read here, their leaving if sinne, they forsake their
former evil! wayes, and set up fences never to returne
by making laws for the punishiment if these sins wherein
they have lived, and to which they have been so much
addicted.   They set up prayers in their families morn­
ing and evening, and are in earnest in them; And with
more affection they crave Gods blessing upon a little

parched corn, & Indian stalks, then many if us do upon

our greatest plenty and abundance.  They rest on the
Lords day, and make laws for the observation if it,

wherein they meet together to pray & indtruct one
another in the things of God, which have been com­
municated to them. They renounce their diabolicall
Charmes and Charmers, and many of those who were
practitioners in these sinfull and soul-undoing Arts, being

made naked, convinced and ashamed of their evill forsake

their way, and betake themselves to prayer, preferring the

               Christian  Charm, before their diabolical  Spells: herein            Isa. 26.16
               God making good that promise Zeph. 2. 11. I will famish              Incantatio,
                al the Gods of the earth, (which he doth by withdraw­               muffitatio

                       ing the worshippers, and throwing contempt upon the                 Jer. 8.17

                worship) And men shal worship   me alone   every one             Ecles. 10.11

              from his place, even all the Idles of the Heathens.

             All theft are hopefull presages that God is going out      Acts 14.16.
       in his power and grace to conquer a people to himself;               Acts 17.30
      That he begins to cast an owning look on them, whom he
                                                                                             hath

 

                                                  To the Reader .

hath so long neglected & despised. And indeed God
may wel seek out for other ground to sow the seed of his
Ordinances upon, seeing the ground where it hath been
sown hath brought forth no better fruit to him; he may
may well bespeak another people to himself, seeing he
finds no better entertainment among the people he hath
espoused to him, and that by so many mercies, privi­
ledges, indeerments, ingagements. We have as many

sad symptomes, of a declining, as these poor outcasts
have glad prefages of a Rising Sun among them.  The

Ordinances are as much contemned here, as frequented

there; the Ministery as much discouraged here, as em­
braced there; Religion as much derided, the ways of
godliness as much scorned here, as they can be wished
and desired there; generally wee are sick of plenty, wee

surfet of our abundance, the worst of Surfets, and with
our loathed Manna and disdained food, God preparing
them a Table in the wildernes; where our fatieties, wil
be their  sufficiencies;   our complaints,   their contents;

our burthens,  their comforts; if he cannot have an

England here, he can have an England there; & bap­
tize & adopt them into those priviledges, which wee
have looked upon as our burthens. We have fad de­
cayes upon us, we are a revolting Nation, a people

Guilty of great defection from God. Some fall from the

worship of God so their old superstitions, and corrupt

worship, saying with those in Jeremy, It was better with
us then now. Some fall from the doctrin of grace to
errors, some to damnable, others to defiling, some to

destructive, others to corruptive opinions. Some fal
from professed seeming holynes, to sin & profanenes;
                                                                                   who

 

                                             The Epistle

      who like blazing comets did shine bright for a time, but
      after have set in a night of darknes.  We have many
      sad symptomes on us, we decay under all the means of
      nourishment, are barren under all Gods sowings, dry
      under al the dews, droppings showres if   heaven, like

      that Country whereof  Historians speak, where drought           Siccitas dat lutum, 

        causeth dirt, and showers causeth  dust. And what               imbres pulverem

       doth God threaten  herein, but  to  remove the Candle-

          sticks, to take away the Gospel, that pretious   Gospel,
          the fireams whereof have brought so many ships laden
          with blessings to our shoar, that Gospel under the shadow
          whereof we have sate down and been refreshed these
          many years? where the power is lost, God will not long

continue the form, where the heat is gone, he wil not
long continue the light.  The temple  did not preserve
the Jews when their hearts were the Synagogues of
Satan, nor shall any outward priviledge hold us up,
when the inward power is down in our spirits. God
hath forsaken other Churches as eminent as ever Eng­
land was: where are the churches of Asia, once famous
for the gospel, for general Councels, now places for Zim
and Ochim, their habitation desolate? where are those
ancient people of the Jews who were (segulla micol
hagnamim) his peculiar and chosen people of al na­
tions? they are scattered abroad as a curse, and their
place knows them no more. And shall I tel you? God
hath no need of us, he can cal them Gnammi, his people,
who were Lo gnammi, not his people, and them beloved,
who were not beloved. Indeed he hath held up us, as if
he had not known where to have another people, if he
should forsake us, we have been a Goshen, when others
                                                                                        have

 

 

                                                  To the Reader.

have been an Egypt, a Canaan, when others an Akelda­
ma, the garden if God, when others have been a wilder­
nesse, our fleece hath been wet, when others have been
dry:   But  know,  God  hath  no need of us, he can wa, nt

no people if he please to call; if he speake, all the ends                   Psal. 22.17,28.

of the world shall remember and turn unto the  Lord,    &c.  1 Esa 9.10

·

and  all  the   kindreds   of  the   Nations  shall worship
before him. If he set up his standard,   to   him  shal
the Gentiles flock, and the earth shall be full of the
knowledge  of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.
It is not for need but for love that God abides with

England, and there is nothing out of himselfe the incen-              Amatdeus, non

tive of this love: there can be no reason given why God       alinunde hoc
should fence us, and suffer other places to lye wast, that                habet, fed ipfe
we should bee his Garden, and other places a Wildernes,         Eft unde amat. Aug.
that he should feed us with the bread if Heaven, and
suffer others to starve, men if the same mould, his off-
spring as well as we, and such (did he conquer to him-
selfe) were likely to doe him more service, bring him
more glory then we have done. We see something here
done in order to such a work, our Harvest is much over,
we see little incomes, there we see the fields are ripe for
harvest; here the ministry is contemned, there the feet
of them that bring glad tydings are beautifull;   we
have outlived the power and efficacy if Ordinances,
there God goes forth with life and power; we can outfit
the most speaking and winning discoveries of Christ,
there every notion, breeds motion in them; the glory of
the Lord is much departed from us, there his rising is
conspicuous and glorious. The blind man found it good
to be in the way where Christ came: And who would be
                                                                                        in

The  Epistle

in AEgypt when there is light in Goshen? Oh that
England would be quickned by their risings, and weep
over her own declinings! What a wonder is it that they
should doe so much, and we so little, that they should be
men in their infancy, and we such children in our
manhood, that they so active, we so dead? That which
was Hieroms complaint may be ours, 0 that Infidelity
should do that which those who professe thenmselvs

                 beleevers cannot do! We have the light of former
                times, but want the heat, knowledge abounds as the              Heu! Quod proftat

          waters cover the sea, but we want the salt; we have a     infidelitas quod non
         form of Godliness, but want the power: And it wil be             praestitit fides.
          smal comfort should God continue to us the form, and           Ignis qui in parentibus
        cary to others the power, to suffer us to wast our selves      fuit Colidus, in nobis
         with unnecessary brangles (which are the sweat of the         Lucidus.

                  times) and in the mean to cary the life and power of

Religion unto others.

   Let theft poor Indians stand up incentives to us, as
 the Apostle set up the Gentiles a provocation to the

                 Jews:  who knows but God gave life to New England,        Rom. 11.14

             to quicken Old, and hath warmed them, that they
             might heat us, raised them from the dead, that they
             might recover us from that consumption, and those sad
             decayes which are come upon us?

              This smal Treatise is an Essay to that end, an Indian
             Sermon, though you will not hear us, possibly when some
             rise from the dead you will hear them. The main
             Doctrin it preacheth unto all, is to value the Gospel,
             prize the Ministry, loath not your Manna, surfet not
             if your plenty, be thankfull far mercies, fruitfull under

                   means: Awake from your slumber, repair your decayes,

                                                                                           redeem

 

To the Reader.

redeem your time, improve the seasans of your peace;
answer to cals, open to knocks, attend to whispers, obey
commands; you have a name you live, take heed you bee
not dead, you are Christians in  shew,  be so indeed:
least as you have lost the power, God take away from you
the form also.

  And you that are Ministers learn by this not to de­
spond though you see not present fruit if your labors,
though   you  fish   all   night   and catch   nothing.   God
hath a fullnesse if time to perform all his purposes.
And the deepest degeneracies, & widest estrangements
from God, shall be no bar or obstacle to the power and
freenesse of his owne grace when that time is come.

And you that are Merchants, take incouragement
from hence to scatter the beames of light, to spread and
propagate the Gospel into those dark corners of the earth;
whither you traffick you take much from them, if you

can carry this to them, you wil make them an abundant
recompence. And you that are Christians indeed, rejoice
 to fee the Curtaines if the Tabernacle inlarged, the

bounds of the Sanctuary extended, Christ advanced, the

Gospel propagated, and souls saved. And if ever the
love of God did center in your hearts, if ever the sense
of his goodniss hath begot bowels of compassion in you,
draw them forth towards them whom God hath singled
out to be the objects of his grace and mercy; lay out

your prayers, lend your assistance to carry on this day of
the Lord begun among them. 'They are not able (as
Moses said) to bear the   burthen of that people alone,
to make provision for the children whom God hath given
them; & therefore it is requisite the spiritual community

                                                          should

 

 

 

 

 

               Epistle,  &c.

       should help to bear part with them. Many of the young
      ones are given and taken in, to be educated & brought
      up in Schooles, they are naked and must be clad,
    they want al things, and must be supplyed. The Parents

      also, and many others being convinced of the evill of an

      idle life, desire to be employed in honest labor, but they
      want instruments and tooles to fat them on work, and
      cast-garments to throw upon those bodies, that their
      loins may blesse you, whose souls Christ hath cloathed.

      Some worthy persons have given much; and if God shall
      move the heart of others to offer willingly towards the
      building of Christ a Spirituall temple, it will certainly

      remain upon their account, when the smallest rewards
       from God, shall be better than the greatest layings out
       for God. But we are making a relation, not a collection;

      we leave the whole to your Christian consideration, not
      doubting but they who have tasted of mercy from God, will
      be ready to exercise compassion to others, & commend you

      unto him who gave himself for us, that see  might
      redeem us from all iniquity, and purifie as well as pur­
      chase unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good
      works.

Stephen Marshall       John Downam      Tho. Goodwin        
 Jer. Whitaker           Philip Nye            Tho. Case
Edmund Calamy      Sy. Simpson         Simeon Ashe
William Greenhill   Williamet Cart.     Samuel Bolton.
                                                                        THE

 

 

 

                                                       T H E

 

                         C  L  E  A  R  E     S U N S H I N E

 

                                                   OF   THE

 

    G O S P E L L,

                   

                              Breaking forth upon the INDIANS

                                             in New-England.

 

Much Honored and deare Sir,

            THat glorious  and sudden rising   of

             Christ Jesus upon our poore Indians

which began a little before you set
saile from these shores, hath not beene
altogether clouded since, but rather
broken out further into more light
and life, wherewith  the most High

hath visited them; and because some may call in
question the truth of the first relation, either because
they may thinke it too good newes to be true, or be­
cause some persons maligning the good of the Coun­
trey, are apt, as to aggravate to the utmost any evill
thing against it, so to vilifie and extenuate any good
thing in it: and because your selfe desired  to heare
                                                                              how

 

           2        The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel,

how farre since God hath carried  on  that  worke,
which yur owne eyes saw here begun;  I shall there­
fore as faithfully and as briefly as I can,  give you a
true relation of the progresse of it, which I hope may
be a sufficient confirmation of what hath been pub­
lished to the world before, having  this as the chiefe
end in my owne eye, that the precious Saints and
people of God in England, beleeving what hath been
and may bee reported to them; of these things, may
help forward this work together with us by their
prayers and prayses,  as we desire to doe the like for
the worke of  Christ begun  among  them  there. I
dare not speake  too much,  nor what I thinke  about

 their   conversion,  I have seen so much falsenesse in

that point among many English, that  I am flow to
beleeve herein too  hastily  concerning  these  poore
naked men; onely  this is evident  to all  honest  hearts
that dwell neer  them,  and  have  observed  them,  that
the work  of the  Lord  upon them (what  ever  it  bee)
is both  unexpected  and  wonderfull  in so short a time;
 I shall set  downe  things  as they are,  and then your
selfe and  others to whom  these  may come, may  judge
as you please of them.

   Soon after your departure hence, the awakening
of these Indians in our  Towne  raised a great noyse        *An inferour Prince
among all the rest round about us, especially about
Concord side where the * Sachim (as I remember)  and
one or two more of his men, hearing of these things
and of the preaching of the Word, and how it wrought

             among them here, came therefore hither to *Noona-       *An Indian town

                 netum to the  Indian Lecture, and what the Lord spake           so called.
                                                                                                     to

                              Breaking forth upon the Indians in New-England. 3

to his heart wee know not, only it seems bee was so
farre affected, as that he desired  to become more like
to the English, and to cast off those Indian wild and
sinfull courses they formerly lived in; but  when
divers of his men perceived their Sachims mind, they
secretly opposed him herein; which opposition being
known, he therefore called together his chiefe men
about him, & made a speech to this effect unto them,
" viz. That they had no reason at all to oppose those
" courses the  English were now taking for their good,
"  for (faith hee) all the  time  you  have lived after  the
 "  Indian fashion  under  the  power  and  protection of
"  higher  Indian Sachems, what did they care for you?

"  they onely sought their owne ends out of  you, and
 " therefore  would  exact  upon  you,  and  take  away
"your skins and your Kettles & your Wampam from

" you at their  own pleasure,  &  this was al that  they  re-
 "  regarded:  but you may evidently see that the
 "  English  mind  no such things, care for none of your
" goods, but onely seeke your good and welfare, and
" in stead of taking away, are ready to give to you;
with many other things I now forget, which were
related by an eminent man of that town to me.
What the effect of this speech was, we can tell no
otherwise then as the effects shewed it; the first thing
was, the making of certain Lawes for their more re­
ligious and civill government and behaviour, to the
making of which  they craved the  assistance of one of
the chiefe Indians in  Noonanetum, a very active Indian
to bring in others to the knowledge of God; desiring
withall an able  faithfull  man  in  Concord  to  record
                                                                                 and

               4                   The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel

and keep in writing what they had generally agreed      *Teacher of the Church
upon. Another effect was, their desire of *Mr. Eliots      in Roxbury, that
coming up to them, to preach, as he could find time        preacheth to the Indians
among them; and the last effect was, their desire of
having a Towne given them within the bounds of
Concord neare unto the English. This latter when it
was propounded by the Sachim of the place, he was
demanded  why bee  desired a towne  so neare,  when
as there was more roome  for  them up in the  Coun­
try. To which the Sachim replyed, that he therefore
desired it because he knew that if  the Indians dwelt
far from the English, that they would  not so much
care to pray, nor would they be so ready to heare the
Word of God, but they would be all one Indians still;
but dwelling neare the English he hoped it might bee
otherwise with them then. The Town therefore was
granted them; but it seemes that the opposition made
by some of themselves more malignantly set against
these courses, hath kept them from any present setling
downe: and surely this opposition  is a speciall finger
of Satan resisting these budding beginnings; for what
more hopefull way of doing them good then by co­
habitation in such Townes, neare unto good  exam­
ples, and such as may be continually whetting upon
them, and dropping into them of the things of God?
what greater meanes at least to civilize them? as is
evident  in the Cusco and  Mexico  Indians,  more  civill
then any else  in  this vast Continent that wee know
of, who were  reduced  by the  politick  principles of
the two great conquering Princes of those Countries
after their long and tedious wars, from these wild and

                                                                                            wandring

           Breaking forth upon the Indians in New-England.                   5

wandring course of life, unto a setling into particular
Townes and Cities:  but I forbear,  only to confirme
the truth of these things, I have sent you the orders
agreed on at Concord by the Indians, under the hand
of two faithfull witnesses, who could testifie more, if
need were, of these matters: I have sent you their
owne Copy and their own hands to it, which I have
here inserted.

Conclusions and Orders made and agreed upon by
      divers Sachims and other principall men amongst the
        Indians at Concord, in the end of the eleventh moneth, An. 1646.

 

1.     THat every one that shall abuse themselves with
wine or strong liquors, shall pay for every

time so abusing themselves, 20s.

          2. That there shall be no more Pawwowing amongst

the Indians. And if any shall hereafter * Pawwow,                    * Pawwows are

      both he that shall Powwow, & he that shall procure               Witches or
      him to Powwow, shall pay 20s. apeece.                                  Sorcerers that cure  
3. They doe desire that they may be stirred up to seek              by help of the devill.

after God.

4.     They desire they may understand the wiles of Satan,
and grow out of love with his suggestions, and temptations.

           5.  That they may fall upon some better course to im­
                prove their time, then formerly.

          6.  That they may be brought to the fight of  the
                sinne of lying, and whosoever shall be found faulty
                herein shall pay for the first offence 5 s. the second
                 10s. the third 20 s.

                                                                        7. Whosoever

 

              6        The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel,

 7. Whosoever shall steale any thing from  another,
  shall restore fourfold.

8.     They desire that no Indian hereafter shall have any
more but one wife.

9.  They desire to prevent falling out of Indians one
     with another, and  that  they may live  quietly  one by another.         ·

   10. That they may labour after humility and not be proud.

   11.  That when Indians doe wrong one to another,

        they may  be lyable  to  censure  by  fine or  the  like,
        as the English are.

     12.  That they pay their debts to the English.

     13. That they doe observe the Lords-Day, and who­
         soever shall prophane it shall pay 20 s.

      14. That there shall not be allowance to  pick Lice,

          as formerly, and eate them, and whofoever  shall
                                                     offend in this case shall pay for every louse a penny.

      15.  They will weare their haire comely, as the Eng­
          lish  do,  and whosoever shall  offend  herein  shall
          pay 5s.

           16. They intend to reforme  themselves, in their

                 former greasing  themselves, under the Penalty of

5       s. for every default.

17.  They doe  all  resolve to set up prayer in their

                  wigwams,  and  to seek to God  both before  and  after       A Wigwam is such

                meate.                                                                                   A dwelling house as

         18. If any commit the sinne  of fornication,  being              they live in

single persons, the man shall pay 20s. and the wo­
 man 10s.

            19. Any man lie with a beast he shall die.

20. Whosoever

 

Breaking forth upon the Indians in New-England.                 7

20.   Whosoever shall play at their former games shall
    pay 10 s.

21.  Whosoever shall commit adultery shall be put to

   death.

22.  Wilfull Murder shall be punished with death.

23.  They shall not disguise themfelves in their mourn­
    ings, as formerly,  nor  shall they  keep a great noyse
    by howling.

24.   The old Ceremony of the Maide walking alone

                  and living apart so many dayes 20s.           .

             25. No Indian shall take an English mans *Canooe             *A Canooe is a

    without leave under the  penaltie of 5 s.                          small Boate.

    26. No Indian shall come into any English mans
          houfe except he first knock: and this they expect
          from the English.
     27.  Whosoever beats his wife shall pay 20 s.

              28. If any Indian shall fall out with, and beate an­
                    other Indian, he shall pay 20 s.

29.They desire they may bee a towne, and either to
dwell on this fide the Beare Swamp, or at the  East
side of Mr. Flints Pond.

    Immediately after these things were agreed upon,
most of the Indians of these parts, set up Prayer morn­
ing and evening in their families,  and  before  and
after meat. They also generally cut their haire, and
were more civill in their carriage to the English then
formerly. And they doe manifest a great  willing­
nesse to conform  themselves  to the civill  fashions of
the English. The Lords day they keepe a day of rest,
and minister what edification they can to one another.
These former orders were put into this forme by

                                           Captaine

8               The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel,

Captaine Simond Willard of Concord, whom the In­
dians with unanimous consent intreated to bee their
Recorder, being very solicitous that what they did
agree upon might be faithfully preserved without
alteration.                     Thomas Flint. Simon Willard.

 

These things thus wrought in a short time about
Concord side,  I  looke upon  as fruits  of  the  ministery
of the Word; for  although  their  high  esteem  bred
lately in them, especially the chief and best of  the
English,  together  with  that  mean  esteem  many  of
them have of themselves, and therefore will call
themselves sometimes poore Creatures, when they fee
and heare of their great distance from others of the
English; I say, although  these  things  may  be some
causes of making these orders and walking in these
courses,  yet  the chiefe cause seemes to  bee the  power
of the Word, which hath been  the chiefe cause of
these Orders,  and  therefore it is that  untill  now of
late they never so much as thought of  any of  these
things.

  I am not able to acquaint you very much from my

owne eye and eare witnesse of things, for  you know
the neare relation between me and the fire side usually
all winter time, onely I shall impart two  or three
things more of  what I have  heard and seen, and the
rest I shall relate to you as I have received from
faithfull witnesses, who testifie  nothing  to  me  by
their writings, but what is seene in the open Sun, and
done in the view of all the world, and generally
known to be true of people abiding in these parts wee
live in.                                                                       As

Breaking forth upon the Indians in New-England.          9

  As soone as ever the fiercenesse of the winter was

past, March. 3. 1647.  I went out to Noonanetum to

the Indian Lecture, where Mr. Wilson, Mr. Allen, of
Dedham, Mr. Dunster, beside many other Christians
were present; on which day perceiving divers of the
Indian women well affected, and  considering  that
their soules might stand in need of answer to their
scruples as well as the mens; & yet because we knew
how unfit it was for women so much as to aske ques­
tions publiquely immediatly by themselves; wee did
therefore desire them to propound any questions they
would bee resolved about by first acquainting either
their Husbands, or the  Interpreter  privately there­
with: whereupon we heard  two questions thus or­
derly propounded; which because they are the first
that ever were propounded  by Indian women in such
an ordinance that ever wee heard of, and because they
may bee otherwise usefull, I shall therefore set them
downe.

   The first question was propounded by the wife of
one Wampooas  a well affected  Indian, viz.  "Whether
"  (said she) do I pray when  my husband prayes if I
" speak nothing as he doth, yet if I like what he faith,
 " and my heart goes with it? (for the Indians will
many times pray with their wives, and with their
children also sometime in the fields) shee therefore
fearing left prayer should onely be an externall action
of the lips, enquired if it might not be also an inward
action of the heart, if she liked of what he said.

   The second question  was propounded  by the  Wife
of one Totherswampe, her meaning in her question
                                                                                 (as

  10               The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel,

(as wee all  perceived)  was  this, viz. "Whether a hus­
"band should do well to pray with his wife, and yet
 "continue in his passions, & be angry with his wife?
But the modestly and wisdome of the woman directed
her  to doe three things in one, for  thus shee spake to
us, viz. " Before my husband did pray hee was much
"angry and  froward, but since hee hath begun to
 "pray hee was not angry so much; but little angry:
wherein first shee gave an honorable testimony of her
husband  and  commended  him  for the abatement of
his passion; secondly, shee gave implicitly a secret
reproofe for what was past, and for somewhat at pre­
sent that was amisse;  and thirdly, it was intended by
her as a  question whether her husband should  pray
to God, and yet continue  in  some unruly passions;
but she wisely avoyded that, left it might reflect too
much upon  him, although wee desired her to expresse
if that was not her meaning.

   At this time (beside these questions) there were
sundry others propounded of very good use, in all
which we saw the Lord Jesus leading them to make
narrow inquiries into the things of God, that so they
might see the reality of them. I have heard few
Christians when they begin to looke toward God,
make more searching questions that they might see
things  really,  and  not   onely  have a notion of them:
I forbeare to mention  any of  them,  because I forget
the chiefe of  them;  onely  this  wee  tooke  notice of
at this dayes meeting, that there was an aged Indian
who proposed his complaint in propounding his
question  concerning an  unruly disobedient son, and
                                                              "what

 

                Breaking forth upon the Indians in New-England.      11

"what one should  do with  him  in case of  obstinacy
"and  disobedience,  and  that  will   not  heare   Gods
 "Word,  though  his  Father  command  him, nor will " 
not  forsake   his  drunkennesse,   though   his  father
"forbid him? Unto  which  there  were  many an­
swers to set forth the sinne  of  disobedience to pa­
rents; which were the more quickned and sharpned
because wee knew that  this  rebellious sonne whom
the old man  meant, was  by Gods providence  present
 at this Lecture: Mr. Wilson was much inlarged, and
spake so terribly, yet so graciously as might have af­
fected a heart not quite shut up, which this young
desperado hearing (who well understood the English t
ongue) instead of humbling himself before the Lords
Word, which touched  his  conscience and  condition
so neare, hee was filled with a spirit of Satan, and as
soone as ever Mr. Wilsons speech was ended hee brake
 out into a loud contemptuous expression; So, faith he:
which we passed by without speaking againe, leaving
the Word with him, which we knew would one day
take its effect one way or other upon him.

  The latter end of this yeare Mr. Wilson, Mr. Eliot,
and my selfe were sent for by those in Yarmouth to
meet with some other Elders of Plimouth pattent, to
heare and heale (if it were the will of Christ ) the
difference and sad  breaches which have been too long
a time among them, wherein the Lord was very mer­
cifull to us and them in binding them up beyond our
thoughts in a very short time, in giving not only that
bruised Church but the whole Towne also a hopefull
beginning of setled peace and future. quietnesse;  but

                                                                                               Mr.

12                       The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel,

Mr.  Eliot as hee takes all other advantages of  time, so
hee tooke this, of speaking with, and preaching to the
poore Indians in these remote places about Cape Cod;
 in  which  journey  I  shall acquaint  you  with  what  all
of us observed.

  Wee first found these Indians (not very farre from
ours) to understand (but with much difficulty) the
usuall language of those in our parts, partly in  regard
to the different dialect  which  generally varies in 40.
or 60. miles, and partly and especially in regard of
their not being accustomed unto sacred  language
about the holy things of God, wherein Mr. Eliot ex­
cells any other of the English, that in the Indian lan­
guage about common matters excell him: I say there-
fore although they did with much difficulty under­
stand him, yet they did understand him, although by
many circumlocutions and variations  of speech and
the helpe of one or two Interpreters which were then
present.

Secondly, wee observed much opposition against
him, and hearing of him at the day appointed, espe­
cially by one of the chiefeft Sachims in those parts, a
man of a fierce, strong and furious spirit whom the
English therefore call by the name Jehu: who although
 before the day appointed for  preaching,  promised
very faire that he would  come  and  bring  his men
with him;  yet that very morning when they were to

bee present, he sends out almost all his men to Sea,
pretending fishing, and therefore although at last he
came late himselfe to the Sermon, yet his men were
absent,  and when he came himself, would not seem
                                                                                  to

 

          Breaking forth upon the Indians in New-England.                   13

to understand any thing, although hee did understand
as some of the Indians themselves then told us, when
Mr.  Eliot by himself and by them inquired of him if
he understood what was spoken: yet he continued
hearing what was said with a dogged looke and dif­
contented countenance.

   Thirdly, notwithstanding this opposition wee found
another Sachim then present willing to learne, and
divers of his men attentive and knowing what was said:
and in the time which is usually set apart for propound­
ing questions, an aged  Indian told  us openly,  "That
 "these very things which  Mr.  Eliot had taught them
 "as the Commandements  of  God,  and  concerning
 "God,  and the making  of  the  world  by one God,
 "that  they had  heard some  old  men  who  were now
 " dead, to say the same things, since whose death there
" hath been  no  remembrance  or  knowledge  of  them
 " among the Indians untill now they heare of them
againe. Which when  I  heard  solemnly spoken, I
could not tell  how thode old Indians should  attaine
to such knowledge, unlelesse perhaps by means of the
French Preacher cadt upon those coasts many yeers
since, by whose ministry they might  possibly  reape
and retaine same knowledge of those things;  this also
 I hear by a godly and able Christian who hath much
converse with them; that many of them have this
apprehension now stirring among  them,  viz.  "That
 " their forefathers did know God, but that after this,
" they fell into a great sleep, and when they did awaken
" they quite forgot him, (for under such metaphori­
call language they usually expresse what eminent
                                                                             things

 

14           The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel,

things they meane :) so that it may seeme  to be the
day of the Lords gracious visitation of these poore
Natives, which is just as it is with all other people,
when they  are  most  low,  the  wheele  then turnes,
and the Lord remembers to have mercy.

   Fourthly, a fourth and last  observation wee took,
was the  story of  an  Indian  in those parts,  telling us
of his dreame many yeers since, which he told us of
openly before many witnesses when we sate at meat:
the dreame is this,  hee said  "That  about  two yeers
" before  the  English  came over into those  parts there
 " was a great  mortality among  the Indians, and one
" night he could not sleep above half the night, after
" which  hee fell  into a  dream, in  which  he  did  think
" he saw a great  many  men  come  to  those  parts  in
 " cloths,  just as the  English  now are  apparelled, and
" among them there arose up a man all in black, with a
" thing in his hand which bee now sees was all  one
"  English mans  book;  this  black  man  he said stood
" upon a higher place then all the rest, and on the  one
" side of  him  were the  English,  on  the  other a great
 " number  of  Indians:  this  man  told  all  the  Indians
" that God  was moosquantum  or angry  with  them, and
" that he would kill them  for  their sinnes, whereupon
" he said himself stood up, and desired to know of the
 " black man  what God would do with  him and his
 " Squaw and  Papooses,  but the  black man would not
 " answer him a first time, nor yet a second time, un­
" till he desired  the  third time,  and  then  he smil'd
" upon him, and told  him  that he and his Papooses
" should  be safe, and that  God would  give unto them

                                                                            "Mitcheu,

 

     Breaking forth upon the Indians in New-England.   15

" Mitcheu, (i. e;) victualls and other good things, and
so hee awakened. What  similitude this dream hath
with the truth accomplished, you may easily fee. I
attribute little to dreams, yet God may speak to such
by them rather then to those who have a more sure
Word to direct and  warn  them, yet this dream  made
us think surely this Indian will regard the black man
now come among them rather then any others of
them: but whether Satan, or fear, and guilt, or world
prevailed, we cannot say, but this is certaine, that he
withdrew from the Sermon, and although hee came
at the latter end of it, as hoping it had been done, yet
we could  not  perswade him then  to  fray and  hear,
but away he flung, and we saw him no more till next day.

    From this third of March  untill  the latter end of
this Summer I could not be present at the Indian
Lectures, but when I came this last time, I marvailed
to see so many Indian men, women and children in
English apparell, they being at Noonanetum generally
clad, especially upon Lecture dayes, which they have
got partly by gift from  the  English, and  partly by
their own labours, by which some of them have very
handsomely apparelled themselves, & you would scarce
know them  from English  people. There is one
thing  more which I w_ ould  acquaint  you with, which
hapned this Summer, viz. June 9. the first day of the
Synods meeting at Cambridge, where the forenoon
was spent in  hearing a Sermon  preached  by one of
the  Elders  as a preparative to the worke of the  Synod,
the. afternoon  was spent  in  hearing  an  Indian Lecture
                                                                              where

 

 

 

 

16          The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel,

where there was a great confluence of Indians all parts
to heare Mr. Eliot, which we conceived not unseason­
able at such a time, partly that  the  reports of  Gods
worke begun among them, might be seen and be­

leeved of the chief who were then sent and met from
all the Churches of Christ  in  the  Countrey,  who
could hardly beleeve the reports they had received
concerning these new stirs among the Indians, and
partly hereby  to raise up a greater spirit of prayer for
the carrying on of the work begun upon the Indians,
among  all   the  Churches and servants of the Lord
Jesus: The Sermon was spent in shewing them their
miserable condition without Christ, out of Ephef. 2. 1.
that they were dead in trespasses and sinnes, and in
pointing unto them the Lord Jesus, who onely could
quicken them.

When the Sermon was done, there was a conve­

nient space of time spent in hearing those questions
which the Indians publikely propounded, and  in
giving answers to them; one question was, What
Countrey man Christ was, and where was he born?

Another was, How farre off that place was from us
here?

Another was, Where Christ now was?

And another, How they might lay hold on him, and
where, being now absent from them? with some other
 to this purpose; which received full answers from
severall hands. But that which I note is this, that
their gracious attention to the Word, the affections
and mournings of some of them under it, their sober
propounding of  divers spirituall questions, their apt-
                                                                                nesse

 

 

 

 

 

  Breaking forth upon the Indians in New-England.     17

nesse to understand and beleeve what was replyed to
them, the readinesse of divers poore naked children
to answer openly the chief questions in Catechism
which were formerly taught them, and such like ap­
pearances of a great change upon them, did marvel­
lously affect all the wife and godly Ministers, Magis­
trates, & people, and did raise their hearts up to great
thankfulnesse to God; very many deeply and abund­
antly mourning for joy to see such a blessed day, and

the Lord Jesus so much known and spoken of among

such as never heard of him before: So that if any in
England doubt of the  truth  of what  was formerly
writ, or if any malignant eye shall question and vilifie
this work, they will  now speak too late, for what
was here done at Cambridge was not set under a
Bushell, but in the open Sunne, that what Thomas
would not beleeve by the reports of others, he might

be forced to beleeve, by feeing with his own eyes and
feeling Christ Jesus thus risen among them with his

own hands.

   I have done with what I have observed my self; I
shall therefore proceed to give you a true relation of
what I have heard from others, and many faithfull
witnesses have seene: and first: I shall speake a little
more of the old man who is mentioned in the story
now in print; this old man  hath  much  affection
stirred up by the Word, and comming to Mr. Eliots
house (for of him I had this story) Mr. Eliot told him
that because he brought his wife & all his children
constantly to the Lecture, that he would therefore
bestow some Cloths upon him, (it being now winter

                                                                                               &

18                  The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel,

         & the old man naked:) which  promise  he not cer­

tainly understanding the  meaning of, asked therefore
of another Indian (who is M r. Eliots servant and very
hopefull) what it was  that  Mr.  Eliot promised  him?
he told him that hee said hee would give him some
Cloths; which when hee understood, hee affection­
ately brake out into these expressions, God I see is
mercifull: a blessed, because a plain hearted affection­
ate speech, and worthy English mens thoughts when
they put  on  their  Cloths;  to  thinke  that  a  poor
blind Indian that scarce  ever  heard of  God  before,
that he should fee not only God in  his Cloths, but
mercy also in a promise of a cast off worne sute of
Cloths, which were then  given  him, and which  now
he daily weares. But to proceed;

  This same old·   man  (as I  think a little  before  hee
had these Cloths ) after an Indian Lecture, when they
usually come to propound questions; instead of ask­
ing a question, began to speak to the rest of the In­
dians, and brake out into many expressions of won­
dring at Gods. goodnesse unto them, that the Lord
should at last look upon them and send his Word as

a light unto them  that ·had   been in  darknesse and such
grosse ignorance so  long;  me  wonder  (faith he) at
God that he should thus deale with us. This speech
expressed in many words in the Indian Language, and
with strong actings of his eyes and hands, being in­
terpreted afterward to the English, did much also affect
all of them that were present at this Lecture also.

   There were this winter many other questions pro­
pounded,  which  were  writ  down by  Mr. Edward
                                                                             Jackson

    Breaking forth upon the Indians in  New-E ngland.       19

Jackson one of our Town, constantly present at these
Lectures, to take notes both of the questions made by
the Indians and returned by Mr. Eliot to them; this
man having fent me in his notes,  I shall send you a
tast of some of them.

1. Why some men were so bad, that they ha te  those men
 that would teach them good things?      .           .

2.Whether the devil or man were made first?

        3. Whether if a father prayes to G od to teach his sons
                            to know him, and he doth teach them himself and they

will not learn to know God, what should such fathers
doe? (this was  propounded  by an old man  that  had rude children.)

                4. A *Squaw propounded this question, Whether*                               Indian woman
             she might not go & pray in same private place in the man
            woods, when her husband was not .at home, because she

was ashamed   to  pray  in the  Wigwam ·before ,company:?

                5. How may one know wicked men, who are good and  
                                                                                          who are bad?

              6. To what Nation Jesus Christ came first unto, and

when?

             7. If a man should be inclosed in Iron a foot thick and
             thrown into the fire, what would become of  his soule,
             whether could the soule come forth thence or not?

              8. Why did not God give all men good hearts that they
              might bee good?

             9. If one should be taken among strange Indians that.

know not God, and they would make him to fight against
some that he should not, and he refuse, and far his refusall
they kill him, what would become of his soule in such a
                                                                                        case?

20           The cleare Sun-shine of the Gospel,

        case? This was propounded  by a *stout fellow who          *They hold that all

   their was affected.

            10. How long it is before men beleeve that have the

             a reward after Word if God made known to them?

             11. How they should know when their faith is good,

              and their prayers good prayers?

               12. Why did not God ki!! the Devill that made all
               men so bad, God having all power?

               13. If we be made weak by sinne in our hearts, how

               can we come before God to sanctfie a Sabbath?

There were many more questions of this kind, as
also many Philosophicall, about the Sunne, Moon,
Stars, Earth and Seas, Thunder, Lightning, Earth­
quakes, &c. which I forbear to make mention of, lest

         I should clog your time with reading, together with

the various answers to them: by these you may per­
ceive in what streame their minds  are  carried,  and
that the Lord Jesus hath at last an enquiring people
among these poor naked men, that formerly never so
much as thought of him; which questionings and
enquiries are accounted of by some as part of the
whitenings of the harvest toward, wherever they are
found among any people, the good and benefit that
comes to them hereby is and will be exceeding great.

     We had this year a malignant drunken  Indian, that
(to cast some reproach, as wee feared, upon this way)
boldly propounded this question, Mr  Eliot (said he)
Who made Sack? who made Sack? but  he was soon
snib'd by the other Indians, calling it *a Papoese ques­        *That is a
tion, and feriously and gravely answered  (not so much         childish question.
to his question  as to his spirit) by Mr. Eliot, which
                                                                            hath

Breaking forth upon the Indians in New- England.              21

hath cooled his boldnesse ever since, while  others
have gone on comfortably 'in this profitable and plea­
sant way.

   The man who sent me these and the like questions
with their severall answers in writing, concluded his
letter with  this story,  which I shall here insert, that
you may see the more of God among these poore
people: "Upon the 25. of Aprill last (faith he)

" I had some occasion to go to spe_ak with  *Waban            *An Indian Sachim

" about Sun -rising in the morning, and staying some

 " half  an hours time, as I came back by one of  
" the  Wigwams, the man of that Wigwam was at
 " prayer; at which I was so much  affected, that I
" could not but stand under a Tree within hearing,
 " though  I  could not understand but little of his
 " words, and consider that God was fulfilling his
 " Word, viz. The ends of the earth shall remember
" themselves and turne unto him; and   that   Scripture,
 " Thou art the God that heareth prayer, unto thee shall
 " all flesh come.
 "  Also this present September I have observed one of
 " them to call his children to him from   their gather­
 " ing of Corne in the field, and to crave a blessing, with
 " much affection, having but a homely dinner to eate.
These things me thinkes should move bowels, and
awaken English hearts to be thankfull, it is no small
 part of Religion to awaken with God in family
prayer, (as it seemes these doe it early) and to crave a
blessing with affectionate hearts upon a homely din­
 ner, perhaps parcht Corne or Indian stalks:   I wish
the like hearts and wayes were seen in many English

                                                                                      who